"ACTION UKRAINE REPORT"
In-Depth Ukrainian News and Analysis
"The Art of Ukrainian History, Culture, Arts, Business, Religion,
Sports, Government, and Politics, in Ukraine and Around the World"
"And so, Anna Melnyk, who comes from the beautiful, battered city of
Lvov in Ukraine, came to Warsaw, hoping she would be able to teach
the violin here, since that is what she loves and what she did for years
in her native country. She does teach the violin to one young Polish
woman and the piano to the two children of her employer.
But mostly what Melnyk does is clean house, and in this she is like the
thousands of other Ukrainian women who have come to Poland, legally
and illegally, to escape a seemingly hopeless economic situation at home."
[article eight]
"ACTION UKRAINE REPORT" Year 2004, Number 37
Action Ukraine Coalition (AUC), Washington, D.C.
www.ArtUkraine.com Information Service (ARTUIS)
morganw@patriot.net, ArtUkraine.com@starpower.net
Washington, D.C., FRIDAY, March 5, 2004
INDEX OF ARTICLES
1.US VIEWS UKRAINE'S MEDIA ACTIONS WITH GRAVE CONCERN
United States Department of State
Statement by Richard Boucher, Spokesman
Washington, D.C., Thursday, March 4, 2004
2. CLOSURE OF UKRAINIAN RADIO STATION DISMAYS
INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTERS
Association of International Broadcasting (AIB)
London, UK, Thursday, Thursday, 4 March 2004, www.aib.co.uk
3. IFJ WARNS UKRAINIAN AUTHORITIES OVER "RELENTLESS
PATTERN" OF REPRESSION AGAINST VOICE OF DISSENT
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
Brussels, Belgium, Thursday, March 4, 2004
4. UKRAINIAN PARLIAMENT PROVES HELPLESS TO STOP
MEDIA ONSLAUGHT AND SUPPRESSION
INSIDE UKRAINE, Kyiv, Ukraine, Friday, March 5, 2004
5. CRASH KILLS UKRAINE RADIO STATION DIRECTOR
By Tim Vickery, Associated Press Writer
Kiev, Ukraine, Thursday, March 4, 2004
6. UKRAINE WARNS POLAND OVER STEELWORKS
PRIVATIZATION AND THE INDUSTRIAL UNION OF DONBAS
Interfax-Ukraine news agency, Kiev, in Russian, 4 Mar 04
BBC Monitoring Service,UK, in English, Mar 04, 2004
7.UKRAINIAN INDUSTRIAL FIRM DONBAS LOST MAJOR ACQUISITION
BECAUSE OF CONCERNS BY POLISH INTERNAL SECURITY AGENCY
Polish News Bulletin; Warsaw, Poland, Mar 04, 2004
8. FOR SOME UKRAINIANS, A TOUGH LAND OF HOPE
Anna Melnyk, from Lvov is now a cleaning lady in Poland, to escape
seemingly hopeless economic situation at home in Ukraine.
By Richard Bernstein of the New York Times
Published by the International Herald Tribune, France, March 1, 2004
9. PROPOSED PROPORTIONAL ELECTION LAW MAY BE
BACK ON UKRAINIAN PARLIAMENT AGENDA THIS WEEK
INSIDE UKRAINE, Kyiv, Ukraine, Friday, Mar 5, 2004
10. UKRAINE TO SPEND OVER 162M DOLLARS ON COMBATING
HIV AND AIDS IN 2004-2008
Interfax-Ukraine news agency, Kiev, Ukraine, in Russian, 4 Mar 04
BBC Monitoring Service, UK, in English, Mar 04, 2004
11.150 UKRAINIAN MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT ASK POPE TO
GRANT PATRIARCH STATUS TO LOCAL CATHOLIC CHURCH
UNIAN news agency, Kiev, Ukraine, in Ukrainian, 4 Mar 04
BBC Monitoring Service,UK, in English, Mar 04, 04
12. "THE FAMINE THAT NEVER WAS"
The so-called "Ukrainian famine" of 1933-34
"Modern Communism," Editor: Ken Kalturnyk
Bulletin of the Manitoba Regional Committee,
Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) (MRCCPCML)
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Vol. 4, No. 38, December 8, 2003
13. OSCE TO MONITOR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN UKRAINE
ICTV television, Kiev, Ukraine, in Ukrainian, 2 Mar 04
BBC Monitoring Service, UK, in English, Mar 02, 2004
14. 40,000 UKRAINIAN CHILDREN WILL FEEL THE JOY OF PURIM
Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS (FJC), Moscow, Mar 3 2004
15. UKRAINE STATE-OWNED COMPANY DEVELOPS MISSILE
PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR HELICOPTERS
Defense-Express web site, Kiev, Ukraine, in Russian 1 Mar 04
BBC Monitoring Service, UK, in English, Mar 01, 2004
=========================================================
ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-2004, No. 37: ARTICLE NUMBER ONE
Politics and Governance, Building a Strong, Democratic Ukraine
http://www.artukraine.com/buildukraine/index.htm
=========================================================
1. US VIEWS UKRAINE'S MEDIA ACTIONS WITH GRAVE CONCERN
Statement by Richard Boucher, Spokesman
United States Department of State
Washington, D.C., Thursday, March 4, 2004
SHUTDOWN OF RADIO KONTYNENT
The United States views with grave concern recent attempts by Ukrainian
authorities to limit public access to independent news and information.
The shutdown of Radio Kontynent and silencing of Radio Liberty/Radio
Free Europe (RL/RFE), VOA, and other international broadcasters is an
assault on democracy and is a serious concern in an election year in Ukraine
when the need for news from many sources is greatest.
The shutdown of Radio Kontynent, which had agreed to broadcast RL/RFE,
comes several weeks after Radio Dovira terminated its rebroadcast of RL/RFE.
We call on the Ukrainian leadership to act immediately to allow Radio
Kontynent to resume broadcasting and to refrain from erecting further
obstacles to the rebroadcast of international radio broadcasts in Ukraine.
Ukrainian authorities must cease their ongoing campaign against independent
media, which directly contradicts Ukraine's stated desire to democratize and
move closer to the Euro-Atlantic community. (END) (ARTUIS)
=========================================================
ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-2004, No. 37: ARTICLE NUMBER TWO
Check Out the News Media for the Latest News >From and About Ukraine
Daily News Gallery: http://www.artukraine.com/newsgallery.htm
=========================================================
2. CLOSURE OF UKRAINIAN RADIO STATION DISMAYS
INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTERS
"Speaking in Bonn, Deutsche Welle's Director of Programmes Joachim
Lenz said that the closure 'was further proof that the Ukrainian state does
not allow freedom of press and speech.' "
PRESS RELEASE: Association of International Broadcasting (AIB)
London, UK, Thursday, 4 March 2004, www.aib.co.uk
LONDON - The Association for International Broadcasting (AIB) today
expressed its concern at the decision by Ukrainian authorities to close
Kiev-based broadcaster Radio Kontinent. Kontinent, an independent station,
was closed by an order issued by Ukraine's State Centre of Radio Frequencies
(Ukrchastnotnaglyad) on 3rd March.
As well as producing its own principally music-based programmes, Kontinent
is a rebroadcasting partner of the Ukrainian-language services of BBC World
Service, Deutsche Welle, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Polonia and
the Voice of America, all members of the AIB.
"Radio Kontinent has been a vital source of impartial information for the
people of Kiev," says Simon Spanswick, Chief Executive of the AIB. "The
station has worked in partnership with leading western broadcasters to bring
world and regional news to its audiences in the Ukrainian capital.
The AIB believes that this closure is not in the best interest of the
Ukrainian people who want access to free speech as well as unbiased news
and information. The AIB urges Ukrainian authorities to allow Kontinent to
return to the air as a matter of urgency."
Radio Kontinent has worked with international stations for several years,
rebroadcasting news and current affairs programmes to listeners across the
Ukrainian capital. Kontinent recently started to take the output of
Prague-based Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) which until February
17 had been transmitted by the Radio Dovira network in Ukraine. However,
following a management change, the station ceased its working arrangement
with RFE/RL.
"Hundreds of radio stations around the world carry programming from many
international broadcasters," continues Spanswick. "Tens of millions of
people in countries from Argentina to Zambia tune in to local broadcasters
who relay news and current affairs programmes from stations abroad.
International radio and television stations provide trusted, reliable
information, to make sense of our complex, confusing and contradictory
world, and provide a forum for the exchange of ideas. It is vital to
democracy worldwide that these broadcasts are not interfered with by
governments and politicians."
The closure of Radio Kontinent has drawn criticism from broadcasters.
Speaking in Bonn, Deutsche Welle's Director of Programmes Joachim Lenz
said that the closure "was further proof that the Ukrainian state does not
allow freedom of press and speech."
>From Prague, Tom Dine, President of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, said
"We at Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty are angry and outraged by this
blatant act in suppressing factual news and information from a variety of
high-quality journalists. Ukraine's name and its people are badly damaged;
the first freedom - free expression - is harmed."
David Jackson, Director of the Voice of America, said: "The Voice of America
has a reputation around the world for providing balanced and reliable news.
Silencing that Voice is not in Ukraine's interests."
And the BBC in London issued a statement in which it expressed its
disappointment with the closure of Radio Kontinent and expressed hope the
station will be given a chance to re-apply for a licence and be on air
again. "Many BBC listeners in Kiev have been tuning in to our programmes
through Radio Kontinent, and we are sad that they will now be deprived of
this option.
We have enjoyed working with Radio Kontinent and hope they will be able to
re-apply for the licence in the future in order to continue to enrich the
choice of the Ukrainian listener with their mix of news, jazz and classical
music."
The AIB has written to Ukraine's Prime Minister, Viktor Yanukovych and to
Ukraine's Ambassadors in Berlin, London, Prague, Warsaw and Washington
concerning the closure of Radio Kontinent. The AIB has urged the return of
its confiscated transmitting equipment and sought reassurance that stations
in the Ukraine that broadcast programmes from abroad will not face censure
or harassment.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
About international broadcasting: There are more than 100 international
radio stations and more than 50 international television channels
broadcasting to audiences around the world. Audiences for these
international broadcasters exceed 150 million people around the world.
For more information, contact: Simon Spanswick on +44 (0) 20 8297 3993,
mobile: +44 (0) 7802 936 786, e-mail: simon.spanswick@aib.org.uk.
=========================================================
ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-2004, No. 37: ARTICLE NUMBER THREE
Major Articles About What is Going on in Ukraine
Current Events Gallery: http://www.artukraine.com/events/index.htm
=========================================================
3. IFJ WARNS UKRAINIAN AUTHORITIES OVER "RELENTLESS
PATTERN" OF REPRESSION AGAINST VOICE OF DISSENT
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
Brussels, Belgium, Thursday, March 4, 2004
The International Federation of Journalists today condemned the "relentless
pattern of repression" by Ukrainian government leaders, following the
closure of another independent station in Kiev.
Yesterday, the Ukrainian State Center of Radio Frequencies ordered a police
raid on the offices of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty's (RFE/RL) affiliate
partner in Kiev, Radio Kontynent confiscating the FM broadcaster's
transmission equipment, sealing the office and detaining three people,
including the station's chief engineer. The Ukrainian authorities said
Kontynent had not been licensed to broadcast in the popular FM band.
"After the ban on Radio Liberty less than two weeks ago, this latest action
by the Kuchma regime is an undeniable repression of independent media,"
said Aidan White, IFJ General Secretary. "This is a direct attack on the
journalists right to report freely and to produce critical and independent
journalism".
Serhiy Sholokh, director of the independent Radio Kontynent in Kiev, fled
the former country, after his station came under pressure when it announced
it would start rebroadcasting US-funded Radio Liberty programmes, which had
lost access to FM broadcasting via management changes in Radio Dovira.
According to reports, Mr Sholokh said he was threatened by representatives
of the United Social Democratic Party, headed by presidential chief of staff
Viktor Medvedchuk.
Radio Kontynent is well-known for its support of the Ukrainian opposition
and has rebroadcast programmes of the BBC, Voice of America and Deutsche
Welle on 100.9 FM. The station had added two hours of RFE/RL Ukrainian
Service programming to its schedule on February 27 and this latest act again
eliminates RFE/RL's Ukrainian Service from the FM airwaves in the Ukrainian
capital.
Sholokh indicated that he would take his case to the local courts as well as
the European Court for Human Rights.
Radio Kontynent also works closely with Ukrainska Pravda, the online paper
founded by Gyorgy Gongadze, the Internet journalist who crusaded against
high-level corruption and was brutally beheaded in 2000 in circumstances
which directly implicate the President Leonid Kuchma. The IFJ is conducting
a campaign in order to review this case and to work against a developing
culture of impunity in the Ukraine.
The IFJ is keeping the EU fully informed on events in the Ukraine given the
country's long-term ambitions to join the EU. We welcome the EU's engagement
over events in Kiev," said White in response to a statement by Emma Udwin,
EU Commission Spokeswoman for External Relations that, "freedom of the media
within the scope of human rights and democracy is vital and so this does
have an impact on our relationship with the Ukraine". (END)(ARTUIS)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
LINK: http://www.ifj.org/default.asp?Index=2274&Language=EN
Further information: + 32 2 235 22 00
The IFJ represents over 500,000 journalists in more than 100 countries
=========================================================
ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-2004, No. 37: ARTICLE NUMBER FOUR
Exciting Opportunities in Ukraine for Travel and Tourism
Travel and Tourism Gallery: http://www.ArtUkraine.com/tourgallery.htm
=========================================================
4. UKRAINIAN PARLIAMENT PROVES HELPLESS TO STOP
MEDIA ONSLAUGHT AND SUPPRESSION
INSIDE UKRAINE, Kyiv, Ukraine, Friday, March 5, 2004
KYIV, Mar. 4 - Media suppression in Ukraine, widely believed to be
orchestrated by the Presidential Administration, has drastically increased
and the Verkhovna Rada [parliament] proved helpless Thursday in making
even a slight impact on improving the situation.
During Thursday's Rada plenary session, MP Mykola Tomenko, chair of the
Rada committee on freedom of speech, submitted a draft resolution that
proposed to impose a moratorium on all checks and inspections of mass media
during the forthcoming presidential election campaign.
In spite of the numerous suppressive measures against radio, television and
newspaper outlets in recent weeks, only 206 Rada deputies voted in favor of
the measure, 20 votes less than required for passage. Almost all
pro-presidential factions refused to cast a ballot.
After Thursday's vote, MP Ivan Bokiy said, "A chain reaction of attacks on
opposition, independent and foreign mass media is underway. Now it has
transformed into an orgy of suppression of freedom of speech. This is a real
bloodbath. I see no other way to stop it but to apply to the international
journalist community and international organizations."
The mass suppression of Ukrainian independent and opposition mass media,
which was reported to have been started by the Presidential Administration
about a year ago, has reached a crescendo in recent weeks. All re-broadcasts
of foreign radio services and networks, with the exception of BBC, have been
forced off radio airways, with one radio station manager killed in a
suspicious automobile crash while on his way to a meeting at which
re-broadcast of RFE/RL by his station would be discussed. The previous
RFE/RL re-broadcaster had its transmitter seized by state officials for
reasons that seem more related to media suppression than any regulatory
lapses by the station.
Even the parliamentary newspaper, Holos Ukrainy (Voice of Ukraine), has met
with serious troubles. Three months ago the Darnytsa district court handed
down a ruling under which the newspaper and the journalist who reported the
story would be required to pay a fine of 238,500 UAH plus 23,850 UAH of
state duties. The judgement was based on the pretext that the newspaper had
published a critical article in regard to a suspicious privatization of the
joint stock company "Linos"(Lisichanskiy oil refinery). The newspaper has
appealed to a higher court but still remains under the threat of bankruptcy
if the fines are confirmed.
Rada insiders claim that the actual reason for the ruling against Holos
Ukrainy, said to be strongly pushed by the Presidential Administration, is
the newspaper's policy of opening its pages to the opposition and neutral
members of parliament (END) (ARTUIS)
=========================================================
ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-2004, No. 37: ARTICLE NUMBER FIVE
The Story of Ukraine's Long and Rich Culture
Ukrainian Culture Gallery: http://www.ArtUkraine.com/cultgallery.htm
=========================================================
5. CRASH KILLS UKRAINE RADIO STATION DIRECTOR
By Tim Vickery, Associated Press Writer
Kiev, Ukraine, Thursday, March 4, 2004
KIEV, Ukraine (AP)--The head of a Ukrainian radio station that was
considering broadcasting the programming of U.S.-funded Radio Liberty died
in a car crash, police said Thursday. The death came the same day that
another station transmitting the programs was pulled off the air.
The death Wednesday of Yuriy Chechyk came as Radio Liberty lost its second
outlet in the country in a month, and it raised suspicions of foul play amid
complaints that Ukrainian authorities are cracking down on media freedom.
Chechyk, the director of Radio Yuta in Poltava, was killed when the car he
was driving collided head-on with another car, said police in the city 215
miles east of the capital Kiev. Ukraine's roads are in poor condition and
the country has a high number of crashes, but suspicions were raised that it
was not an accident.
Ukraine's media environment has been tense since the 2000 death of Heorhiy
Gongadze, an Internet journalist who crusaded against high-level corruption.
His decapitated body was found in a forest outside Kiev. Opposition groups
allege President Leonid Kuchma was involved in Gongadze's killing, but
Kuchma denied it.
Chechyk was en route to Kiev to meet with executives from Radio Svoboda,
Radio Liberty's Ukrainian service, about rebroadcasting Radio Liberty's
shortwave programs on the more-accessible FM band, said Radio Svoboda
chief editor Hanna German.
A private FM station that had rebroadcast Radio Liberty programming for five
years canceled the service last month after making vague demands for format
changes, and suspicions rose that the demands were made under pressure from
the government.
Radio Liberty programming then was picked up by private Radio Kontinent,
but authorities pulled the station off the air Wednesday after just five
days of sending the programs.
Police said Chechyk's car had made a U-turn just before the crash. The
driver of the other car was hospitalized with multiple injuries and his
passenger lost a leg, police said.
"We were shocked, we were waiting for him ... he'd said it was very
important to him to work with us,'' German told The Associated Press.
German said that she did not rule out foul play in Chechyk's death, but that
she did not want to believe such a thing.
Hanka Rauskova, a spokeswoman for Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty in
Prague, declined to speculate on foul play and said she knew "only that he
died in a car accident.''
Radio Kontinent, which also ran programs by the Voice of America, the BBC,
the Deutsche Welle and Polish Radio, was pulled off the air Wednesday by
police who seized station equipment.
Thomas Dine, the director of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, denounced
the closure in a statement from Washington, calling it "a blatant act in
suppressing factual news and information.'' In the statement, he also took
note of Chechyk's death but did not elaborate.
Kuchma's administration has come under criticism from Western governments,
human rights groups and journalists who accuse him of muzzling the press.
Numerous well-known public figures have died in car accidents in recent
years, leading many Ukrainians to speculate that the accidents were arranged
to eliminate government opponents or key sources of evidence that could
incriminate corrupt officials.
Last year, opposition lawmakers launched an independent investigation of the
death of former lawmaker and anti-corruption activist Anatoliy Yermak in a
car crash.
Valeriy Malev, Ukraine's top arms export official, was killed in a collision
in 2002. Ukrainian media speculated about foul play in the crash, which
occurred at the same place and under similar circumstances as the death the
previous year of the director of a Ukrainian arms trading company.
Opposition leader Julia Timoshenko was injured in a car crash in Kiev in
January 2002. One of the nation's most prominent nationalist opposition
leaders, Viacheslav Chornovil, was killed in a crash in 1999, which his
supporters claimed was no accident. (END) (ARTUIS)
=========================================================
ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-2004, No. 36: ARTICLE NUMBER SIX
The Genocidal Famine in Ukraine 1932-1933, HOLODOMOR
Genocide Gallery: http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/index.htm
=========================================================
6. UKRAINE WARNS POLAND OVER STEELWORKS
PRIVATIZATION AND THE INDUSTRIAL UNION OF DONBAS
Interfax-Ukraine news agency, Kiev, Ukraine, in Russian, 4 Mar 04
BBC Monitoring Service,UK, in English, Mar 04, 2004
Kiev, 4 March: Ukraine has warned Poland that Ukrainian-Polish cooperation,
in particular, in metallurgy, will be put at risk if the Ukrainian
Donetsk-based corporation Industrial Union of Donbas [IUD] is discriminated
against when the Polish steelworks Huta Czestochowa S.A. is privatized.
The statement was made by Ukrainian Minister of Economics and European
Integration Mykola Derkach at a meeting with the Polish ambassador to
Ukraine, Marek Ziolkowski, on Wednesday [3 March].
The situation may have a negative impact on economic relations and may
create mistrust between the two countries, which may cause significant
difficulties in implementing other bilateral and multilateral investment and
trade projects, Derkach said.
Ukraine attaches significant importance to the development of bilateral
economic cooperation with Poland and hopes that the Polish government
shares the joint vision of the two countries' future economic cooperation.
"In this connection, the Ukrainian government sees investment by one of the
biggest Ukrainian private companies, the IUD, as a project of strategic
importance which, along with the Odessa-Brody-Plock oil pipeline project,
should become the basis for boosting investment in each other's economies
and for creating ties of cooperation," Derkach said. [Passage omitted:
background]
Derkach said the Ukrainian leadership was deeply concerned at the extremely
negative reaction that Poland's ungrounded decision [to reject IUD's bid for
Huta Czestochowa in favour of the Indian-Dutch-British company LNM] had
caused in Ukraine.
"It is seen as a manifestation of Ukraino-phobia and discrimination against
Ukraine, which is not the best start of the Year of Poland in Ukraine," the
minister said.
[Passage omitted: Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma instructed Prime
Minister Viktor Yanukovych to sort out the privatization problem with
Poland.] (END) (ARTUIS)
.=========================================================
ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-2004, No. 37: ARTICLE NUMBER SEVEN
Ukraine's History and the Long Struggle for Independence
Historical Gallery: http://www.artukraine.com/histgallery.htm
==========================================================
7.UKRAINIAN INDUSTRIAL FIRM DONBAS LOST MAJOR ACQUISITION
BECAUSE OF CONCERNS BY POLISH INTERNAL SECURITY AGENCY
Polish News Bulletin; Warsaw, Poland, Thursday, Mar 04, 2004
WARSAW - Capital from an unclear origin, a non-transparent corporate
structure and possible money laundering - these were the charges made by the
Agency for Internal Security (ABW) against the Ukrainian company Donbas,
which lost the contract to buy the Huta Czestochowa (HC) steel mill, the
Rzeczpospolita daily has revealed.
ABW is said to suspect that Russian interests could be behind Donbas and its
offer for HC and the newspaper claims this analysis by the Agency forced the
Treasury Ministry to choose the offer presented by the London-based steel
giant LNM instead. This decision caused outrage in Ukraine and prompted
criticism from the President of Ukrainian, Leonid Kuczma.
Meanwhile, Donbas representatives have dismissed ABW's findings. "Donbas is
a decent company which does not hide either its structure, or sources of
capital," stressed Konstanty Litwinow, who represents the company in Poland.
Donbas is the largest industrial concern in Ukraine, with a $3bn annual
turnover. (END) (ARTUIS)
=========================================================
ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-2004, No. 37: ARTICLE NUMBER EIGHT
The Rich History of Ukrainian Art, Music, Pysanka, Folk-Art
Arts Gallery: http://www.artukraine.com/artgallery.htm
=========================================================
8. FOR SOME UKRAINIANS, A TOUGH LAND OF HOPE
Anna Melnyk, from Lvov is now a cleaning lady in Poland, to escape
seemingly hopeless economic situation at home in Ukraine.
By Richard Bernstein of the New York Times
Published by the International Herald Tribune, France, Mon, Mar 1, 2004
WARSAW - Anna Melnyk's eyes moistened the other day as she recalled
how, once upon a more innocent time, she dreamed of going to Italy to
teach the violin but ended up as a cleaning lady in Poland instead.
"I wanted to see the country of Paganini," she said. "But I was afraid,
because I knew that once I crossed the Italian border, I'd never come
back to see my family."
And so, Melnyk, who comes from the beautiful, battered city of Lvov
in Ukraine, came to Warsaw, hoping she would be able to teach the
violin here, since that is what she loves and what she did for years
in her native country. She does teach the violin to one young Polish
woman and the piano to the two children of her employer. But mostly
what Melnyk does is clean house, and in this she is like the
thousands of other Ukrainian women who have come to Poland, legally
and illegally, to escape a seemingly hopeless economic situation at
home.
"I have some psychological stress over the fact that after working 18
years as a musician, I have to clean shoes and mop floors," Melnyk
said, explaining her tears.
One might think of the movement of women seeking jobs across borders
as an international migration far more extensive than the movement of
women from Ukraine to neighboring Poland. Like other aspects of the
vast world of migrant labor, the migration of cleaning ladies is a
global phenomenon, a product of the relative wealth and poverty of
countries.
The movement is determined in part by the intricacies of
visa requirements set by the rich countries that determine where
people from the poor countries can legally go. That is what explains
Melnyk's presence in Poland, rather than Italy or Germany, where
Ukrainians do go, but without proper papers and only after paying a
substantial fee to a "travel agent," or some people-trafficking group
that helps them get jobs in the West.
There is an economic irony in this that is well-known to the cleaning
ladies as they take their place in the larger world of migrant workers.
It is that in countries farther West, especially Germany, most of the
cleaning ladies are Polish, while in Poland most of them are Ukrainian.
Poles, as future EU members, can go to Germany without visas;
Ukrainians, not slated for EU membership in the foreseeable future,
cannot, and to people like Melnyk, that makes all the difference.
"The Polish women make so much money in Germany that they can pay
a Ukrainian to clean their houses in Poland," Melnyk said.
Maria Jakubowycz, Melnyk's fellow worker and best friend, interviewed
with her in Warsaw the other day, is a former teacher from the
Ukrainian city of Ternopil. Both women were married once and are now
divorced or separated. Both have children: Jakubowycz has two sons
with her in Poland, and Melnyk has a daughter, who is staying with
her mother in Lvov. Both were unable to make ends meet in Ukraine.
Both consider themselves lucky, if also unlucky.
Melnyk is grateful to have wealthy employers who treat her with kindness
and have even promised to help her apply for working papers and a
residency permit for her daughter to join her from Lvov. Jakubowycz
managed to get her working papers a few days ago, and she has started
thinking of studying psychology in her spare time.
"Once one of the women I work for asked me why I'm working as a
cleaning lady if I have a bachelor of arts degree," Jakubowycz
said. "She just didn't understand how such a thing could be possible."
"At the time," she continued, "I didn't react, but now that I remind
myself, I am moved."
Both women have also managed to avoid being snared in one of the
protection rackets commonly by run petty thugs from Ukraine, Russia
and Poland, whose targets are Eastern Europeans working illegally in
Poland - cleaning ladies, construction workers, people who trade in
leather jackets or black-market icons, and others. The workers can
often be found at a former sports stadium in Warsaw that is the site
of a large, more or less unregulated daily flea market.
"I met people like that twice at the stadium," Jakubowycz said of the
gangsters who prey on migrant workers. "They told me that if I'm
working I should pay them in order to be more secure. There were no
police so I couldn't complain, and, anyway, I would have been afraid
to go to the police because I didn't want to call attention to myself.
Anyway, I didn't pay anything to them. Maybe I was lucky. Now I
don't go anywhere near the stadium anymore."
Both women also feel lucky to have come to Poland at a time when
Ukrainians didn't need visas to get here. Because of Poland's
imminent membership in the European Union, visas are now required of
Ukrainians, which though they are free, could make it more difficult
for future cleaning ladies to get into this country.
And both women, after being in Warsaw for three years, are beginning
to feel that maybe the worst of their hardships is over - the loneliness,
the disappointment, the absence of choice, the sense of helplessness.
"I listen to the stories of my Ukrainian friends," Jakubowycz said.
"Sometimes I even write articles about them in the Ukrainian newspaper.
But it doesn't matter if I publish the articles or not. Thanks to these
conversations, step by step we are losing our helplessness." (END)(ARTUIS)
=========================================================
ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-2004, No. 37: ARTICLE NUMBER NINE
The Art of Private Voluntary Organizations in Supporting Ukraine
Support Ukraine Gallery: http://www.artukraine.com/uasupport/index.htm
=========================================================
9. PROPOSED PROPORTIONAL ELECTION LAW MAY BE
BACK ON UKRAINIAN PARLIAMENT AGENDA THIS WEEK
INSIDE UKRAINE, Kyiv, Ukraine, Friday, Mar 5, 2004
KYIV - In a surprise move on Thursday, the on-again, off-again vote on
the proposed proportional election law may have been forced back to
the top of the Verkhovna Rada's agenda by pro-presidential forces who
fear delay could derail the entire parliamentary reform package
in the waning days of the current parliamentary session.
This latest shift, coming so quickly after Tuesday's announcement that the
vote on the election law would be put off until after the Rada's recess next
week, is evidence that the pro-presidential forces are increasingly
concerned that a lack of enthusiasm for reform in the camps of the main
presidential contenders, Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych and former
Prime Minister Viktor Yushchenko, may solidify opposition to the point
that approval later might be impossible.
The debate and possible vote of the proportional election law on Friday is
seen as an attempt to solidify support of the Communists and Socialists who
see the new election law as an absolute corner-stone prerequisite without
which the two groups would have no interest in supporting the constitutional
amendments that shift major powers from the president to the parliament.
The latest draft of the election law reportedly assumes a lower threshold of
3 percent of the national parliamentary election vote, required for a party
to be represented in the Rada, rather than the existing threshold of 4
percent. This small but essential shift, which would provide a greater
chance for current majority district parliament members to have a chance of
maintaining their mandates, is the price of the compromise reached between
leaders of the eight pro-presidential factions and the leftist factions.
However, completing debate and voting the election law on Friday may be made
very difficult since most deputies from both Yushchenko's bloc, Our Ukraine,
and Yulia Tymoshenko's Bloc have promised to attempt to disrupt a definitive
vote. (END) (ARTUIS)
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ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-2004, No. 37: ARTICLE NUMBER TEN
Send Us Names to Add to the Distribution List for UKRAINE REPORT
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10. UKRAINE TO SPEND OVER 162M DOLLARS ON COMBATING
HIV AND AIDS IN 2004-2008
Interfax-Ukraine news agency, Kiev, Ukraine, in Russian, 4 Mar 04
BBC Monitoring Service, UK, in English, Mar 04, 2004
The Ukrainian government has approved a programme for combating HIV and
AIDS in 2004-08, the Interfax-Ukraine news agency reported on 4 March.
The fifth national programme for the prevention of HIV, assistance to and
treatment of HIV-positive and AIDS patients in 2004-08 was approved on 3
March, the Ukrainian Health Ministry said, according to Interfax-Ukraine.
Under the programme, a total of 864,684,500 hryvnyas (over 162m dollars) is
to be spent on HIV and AIDS programmes in Ukraine in 2004-08, the report
said.
Of the sum, 202,128,700 hryvnyas (over 37m dollars) are to be derived from
the state budget, 88,158,200 hryvnyas (over 16.5m dollars) - from local
budgets, 427,864,800 (over 80m dollars) are to be granted by the UN Global
Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, 146,482,300 (over 26m dollars)
are to be borrowed from the World Bank, and 50,500 hryvnyas (over 9,400
dollars) are to be derived from other sources, the agency said.
In January, the Global Fund suspended funding HIV/AIDS programmes in
Ukraine, voicing concerns over their "slow progress" (see Interfax-Ukraine
news agency, Kiev, in Russian 1255 gmt 31 Jan 04.) (END) (ARTUIS)
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ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-2004, No. 37: ARTICLE NUMBER ELEVEN
Politics and Governance, Building a Strong, Democratic Ukraine
http://www.artukraine.com/buildukraine/index.htm
=========================================================
11. 150 UKRAINIAN MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT ASK POPE TO
GRANT PATRIARCH STATUS TO LOCAL CATHOLIC CHURCH
UNIAN news agency, Kiev, Ukraine, in Ukrainian, 4 Mar 04
BBC Monitoring Service,UK, in English, Mar 04, 2004
KIEV, 4 March: More than 150 MPs have signed a request to Pope John Paul II
for granting the patriarch status to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church,
the press service of the [centre-right] Ukrainian People's Party has told
UNIAN. [Passage omitted: MP Oleksa Hudyma says the atmosphere during the
signature-raising campaign was extremely friendly.]
Among the first MPs to sign the request to the pope were [leader of the
parliamentary faction of the propresidential United Social Democratic Party
of Ukraine] Leonid Kravchuk, Ivan Plyushch, [leader of the opposition Our
Ukraine bloc] Viktor Yushchenko, Yuriy Kostenko, [leader of the opposition
Yuliya Tymoshenko Bloc] Yuliya Tymoshenko, Ihor Yukhnovskyy, Stepan
Havrysh, Viktor Pynzenyk, Valeriy Pustovoytenko, Anatoliy Matviyenko, Levko
Lukyanenko, Ivan Drach, Pavlo Movchan, Ivan Zayets and Petro Poroshenko.
The request was also backed up by the chairman and deputy chairman of the
Crimean Tatar Majlis [self-styled parliament], Ukrainian MPs Mustafa
Dzhemilyov and Refat Chubarov, as well as by the president of the Ukrainian
confederation of Jewish communities, Ukrainian MP Yevhen Chervonenko.
MP Oleksa Hudyma [who initiated the signature-raising campaign in
parliament] told the head of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, Cardinal
Lyubomyr Huzar, that over 150 signatures of MPs were raised in the Ukrainian
parliament to support the request to Pope John Paul II for the patriarch
status to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, the Ukrainian People's
Party's press service said. (END) (ARTUIS)
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ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-2004, No. 37: ARTICLE NUMBER TWELVE
Economic News: http://www.artukraine.com/econews/index.htm
=========================================================
12. "THE FAMINE THAT NEVER WAS"
The so-called "Ukrainian famine" of 1933-34
"Modern Communism," Editor: Ken Kalturnyk
Bulletin of the Manitoba Regional Committee,
Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) (MRCCPCML)
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Vol. 4, No. 38, December 8, 2003
A lot of noise has been made in the past few weeks about the 70th
anniversary of the so-called "Ukrainian famine" of 1933-34. The media has
been full of stories about the millions of Ukrainians who supposedly died in
this famine and the Asper family has agreed to include a section on the
"Ukrainian famine" in the planned Museum of Human Rights to be built in
Winnipeg.
However, the "Ukrainian famine" is an event which never happened. It was
entirely the creation of the Hearst newspaper chain and was exposed as a
hoax at the time. Photos of the alleged Ukrainian famine victims published
in the Hearst newspapers were discovered to have been taken in Hungary
during the First World War. Dozens of American and British newspaper
reporters spent weeks criss-crossing Ukraine during the height of the
alleged famine and found no evidence of widespread hunger or deaths.
What was going on in Ukraine and other parts of the Soviet Union in 1933 and
1934 was a virtual civil war between the rich peasants - the Kulaks - and
the Soviet system over the issue of the collectivization of agriculture. The
kulaks, armed and financed by Nazi Germany and various Nazi sympathizers in
the West, including William Randolph Hearst and Henry Ford, had organized a
systematic campaign of assassination of local Soviet government officials.
The kulaks also gave a call for an agricultural strike in the spring of
1933, urging supporters not to plant crops and to destroy existing stocks of
food. Their hope was to create food shortages in the cities and undermine
support for the Soviet government.
In areas where large numbers of peasants took up this call, localized food
shortages did result. However, the vast majority of the Soviet peasantry,
including the Ukrainian peasants, supported collectivization and produced
bumper crops in those years, so widespread hunger was avoided. The kulak
revolt never did enjoy much support from the peasantry and ended in 1934.
On the basis of massive amounts of evidence that no famine existed, during
the 1930s claims of famine in Ukraine were dismissed as right-wing
propaganda by all but the most rabid anti-communists and fascists. However,
with the unleashing of the Cold War in the late 1940s, all of the Nazi
propaganda of the 1930s was dredged up once again with the objective of
discrediting communism.
In North America, fertile ground for this propaganda was found among the
million or so Ukrainian refugees and war criminals who had collaborated with
the Nazis during the Second World War and who were given safe haven in the
United States and Canada. The thousands of Nazi war criminals who were
recruited by the American and British intelligence services following the
war also played a key role in the Cold War propaganda machine.
During the early 1950s, several books were churned out in Britain and the
United States claiming to "prove" the existence of a Ukrainian famine in
1933-34. All of them shared a number of characteristics. First, they all
claimed that more Ukrainians died in Joseph Stalin's "engineered famine"
than the number of Jews who were murdered by the Nazis, with the numbers
ranging from seven million to over 20 million. This was done in order to
claim that communism was even worse than Nazism, as well as to attempt to
minimize the Holocaust.
The fact is that the entire Ukrainian population within the Soviet Union at
the time amounted to some 25 million people. If these claims about the
number of deaths were accurate, it would mean that from 25 to 80 percent of
all Soviet Ukrainians died in a matter of less than two years. However, the
first post-war census in the Soviet Union, taken during the late 1940s,
shows the population of Ukrainians at about 40 million.
In the interim, Ukraine suffered extremely high casualties during the Nazi
occupation and also lost at least another million people to post-war
emigration. So, these figures of Ukrainian deaths are clearly fictitious, as
no population could recover so rapidly from such a major loss.
Another characteristic of all of these books is that they openly admit that
there is a total absence of credible eye-witness testimony about the
Ukrainian famine. This would be inconceivable if the number of victims were
even a fraction of the alleged seven to 20 million. Given the fact that
approximately one million anti-communist Ukrainian refugees poured into
North America in the late 1940s, the inability of numerous famine
researchers to find a single credible eye-witness is simply too much to
believe if the famine had actually occurred.
More recently and closer to home, in 1983 on the occasion of the 50th
anniversary of this so-called famine, the Ukrainian National Foundation, an
organization founded by right-wing Ukrainian nationalists and Nazi
collaborators, funded a thesis project by a University of Manitoba graduate
student to document the "Ukrainian famine". The project received a
tremendous amount of publicity when it was launched. This graduate student
spent several years interviewing Ukrainians in both Canada and Ukraine
about their experiences in 1933-34 in Ukraine.
However, despite the enormous resources placed at his disposal and the
co-operation of the Soviet government, he was forced to abandon his thesis
because, by his own admission, he had failed to find a single credible
eye-witness to what was supposedly the greatest genocide of the 20th
century. Needless to say, the news of the abandonment of the thesis received
little fanfare.
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian government fully
opened its archives to access by Western scholars. During the mid-1990s an
American research team spent almost two years combing through those
archives, searching for evidence of various alleged "crimes of Stalin".
These researchers admitted that they had found no evidence to support the
claims that Stalin had committed crimes against the Soviet people.
Despite this total absence of evidence, the news media and various
anti-communist scribblers not only continue to repeat these lies as fact,
but even claim that the "Ukrainian famine" and other "crimes of Stalin" have
been confirmed by documents found in the Soviet archives.
The myth of the Ukrainian famine was created by the most reactionary
sections of American society, beginning with open supporters of Nazism, such
as William Randolph Hearst and Henry Ford. The myth was resurrected by
the anti-communist Cold Warriors of the 1950s in conjunction with a cabal of
former Nazis, Nazi collaborators and Holocaust deniers. It was also
subscribed to by some sections of the "Left" to justify their own
anti-communism.
To this mix has now been added the main apologists for the Israeli genocide
against the Palestinian people. It is interesting that an individual who has
been dead for 50 years can strike such fear in the hearts of all of these
reactionaries that they find it necessary to continuously dredge up 70 year
old lies to discredit his memory. (END) (ARTUIS)
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LINK: http://www.modern-communism.ca/mc43803.htm
Manitoba Regional Committee, Communist Party of Canada,
(Marxist-Leninist), E-mail: cpcmlmb@mts.net
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ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-2004, No. 37: ARTICLE NUMBER THIRTEEN
Collectibles Gallery: http://www.artukraine.com/colgallery.htm
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13. OSCE TO MONITOR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN UKRAINE
ICTV television, Kiev, Ukraine, in Ukrainian, 2 Mar 04
BBC Monitoring Service, UK, in English, Mar 02, 2004
[Presenter] The OSCE plans to send a large group of experts to monitor the
presidential election [in Ukraine on 31 October], OSCE Secretary-General
Jan Kubis, who is in Ukraine on an official visit, has said at a meeting
with Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma.
This decision still needs to be approved by the Supreme Council [Ukraine's
parliament], and the president said he supported it. Kubis said that OSCE
monitors will be working not only on the day of the election, but will
arrive several months earlier in order for their research to be as effective
as possible.
Kubis discussed Ukraine's participation in the OSCE with Deputy Ukrainian
Foreign Minister Oleh Shamshura and praised cooperation in the economic
sector, environmental protection and especially in the initiative to solve
the Dniester [Moldova's separatist region] conflict.
[Kubis, in Russian] In the places where our Ukrainian colleagues are
working, they are doing a very good job. I have at least two people working
in my secretariat in important positions and they are doing a very good job.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Audio and video available. Please send queries to kiev.bbcm@mon.bbc.co.uk]
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ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-2004, No.37: ARTICLE NUMBER FOURTEEN
Ukrainian Website: http://www.ArtUkraine.com
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14. 40,000 UKRAINIAN CHILDREN WILL FEEL THE JOY OF PURIM
Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS (FJC), Moscow, Mar 3 2004
ODESSA, Ukraine - The Federation of Jewish Communities in Ukraine has
sent out its final Purim packages to children residing in even the most
remote towns of Ukraine. In these packages, children will discover sweets
and special booklets - 'Megilat Esther' - to teach them about the history of
Purim.
The FJC Ukraine organized and prepared these 'Misloach Manot'. Chief Rabbi
of Odessa and Southern Ukraine, Avraham Wolf, headed this initiative, made
possible through the financial support of Alexander Gronovsky, a Deputy in
the Ukrainian national parliament.
The Chief Rabbi of Dneprodzerzhinsk, Levi Stambler, also contributed much
to this project. Thanks to everyone who made this project possible, "over
40,000 Ukrainian children will be able to feel the joy of the holiday this
year thanks to these personally-addressed Purim packages," said Rabbi
Stambler. LINK: http://www.fjc.ru/news/newsArticle.asp?AID=114394
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ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-2004, No. 37, ARTICLE NUMBER FIFTEEN
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15. UKRAINE STATE-OWNED COMPANY DEVELOPS MISSILE
PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR HELICOPTERS
Defense-Express web site, Kiev, Ukraine, in Russian 1 Mar 04
BBC Monitoring Service, UK, in English, Mar 01, 2004
The Nizhyn-based state-owned company Prohres, a science and production
complex, has launched preparations for the serial production of
electro-optical missile countermeasure stations called the Adros. They are
used to protect helicopters against different types of guided missiles
fitted with infrared homing devices, Prohres deputy director Vadym Bahlay
has told Defense-Express.
The Adros KT-01AV, which was created by Adron, a private Kiev-based
science and production firm, has successfully passed the basic tests. The
tests
proved that the system is able to function in all regimes and under all
conditions envisaged by the testing programme. The probability of the Adros
foiling a missile attack is 0.8 (with other systems the indicator is no
higher than 0.5).
The station is compatible with the onboard equipment of Russian-manufactured
helicopters of the Mi-8 and Mi-24 type. It can also be comparatively easily
adjusted to be installed on helicopters manufactured by other countries.
[Passage omitted: guided missiles are widely used]
The station prevents the following missile types from locking onto a target
and diverts them from the trajectory: Stinger, Igla, Igla-1, R-60, R-60M,
R-73, Sidewinder, as well as others. Energy emitted by the station (jamming
signal) does not need to significantly exceed the energy emitted by the
engines of the protected helicopter (target signal).
The system's effective operation is based on a new type of electro-optical
suppression, as well as on a new design of the electronically controlled
modulator based on programmable processors. The station provides the
helicopter with a permanent all-round protection and does not need data on
the type and the working frequency of the missile's infrared homing device.
It does not need a system for tracking the missile, has a simple design,
and, as a consequence, is highly reliable.
Defense-Express note. Prohres was founded in 1971. The company specializes
in manufacturing complex electro-optical equipment and gyroscopic devices,
particularly, aiming devices for aircraft guns and different types of homing
devices. In the civilian market, the company is known as a manufacturer of
medical equipment (used in ophthalmology), sewing machines, camera lenses,
slide projectors and other goods. (END) (ARTUIS)
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ARTICLES ARE FOR PERSONAL AND ACADEMIC USE ONLY
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NEWS AND INFORMATION WEBSITE ABOUT UKRAINE
LINK: http://www.ArtUkraine.com
=========================================================
New Issue Just Published...Year 2003, Issue 3-4
FOLK ART MAGAZINE: NARODNE MYSTETSTVO
LINK: http://www.artukraine.com/primitive/artmagazine.htm
=========================================================
NEW BOOK: Three Hundred Eleven Personal Interviews, Famine 32-33.
"UKRAINIANS ABOUT FAMINE 1932-1933," Prof. Sokil, Lviv, Ukraine
http://www.artukraine.com/famineart/sokil.htm
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