"THE ACTION UKRAINE REPORT"
An International Newsletter
In-Depth Ukrainian News, Analysis, and Commentary
"The Art of Ukrainian History, Culture, Arts, Business, Religion,
Sports, Government, and Politics, in Ukraine and Around the World"
"THE ACTION UKRAINE REPORT" - Number 418
morganw@patriot.net, ArtUkraine.com@starpower.net
Washington, D.C., Kyiv, Ukraine, FRIDAY, January 28, 2005
-----INDEX OF ARTICLES-----
"Major International News Headlines and Articles"
1. A SURVIVOR'S SON - VIKTOR YUSHCHENKO - RECALLS
'SACRED' AUSCHWITZ
By Ron Popeski, Reuters, Krakow, Poland, Thu, January 27, 2005
2. YUSHCHENKO: TWO OF THE WORST TRAGEDIES OF THE 20TH
CENTURY: THE STARVATION AND THE HOLOCAUST
TOOK PLACE IN UKRAINE
PAP news agency, Warsaw, Poland, Thu, 27 Jan 05
3. VAKOV VINNICHENKO: SHADOWS AND GHOSTS
I come from Vinnitsa in Ukraine but my mother
took me to Moscow because of famine.
Interview with Vakov Vinnichenko by Ruben Sergeyev
The Guardian, London, United Kingdom, Tue, Jan 25, 2005
4. RUSSIA'S [& UKRAINE'S] HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS MARK
AUSCHWITZ ANNIVERSARY, LAMENT RISE IN ANTI-SEMITISM
Four years old when the Red Army freed him in Kiev, Ukraine
Maria Danilova, AP Worldstream, Krakow, Poland, Thu, Jan 27, 2005
5. UKRAINIAN PRESIDENT MEETS SIX FOREIGN LEADERS IN POLAND
UT1 State TV, Kiev, in Ukrainian 1850 gmt 27 Jan 05
BBC Monitoring Service, UK, in English, Thu, Jan 27, 2005
6. DICK CHENEY MEETS WITH NEW UKRAINE PRESIDENT
U.S. Vice President wears a bright orange tie
By Deb Riechmann, AP Online, Krakow, Poland, Thu, Jan 27, 2005
7. REMARKS OF U.S. VICE PRESIDENT DICK CHENEY
WITH PRESIDENT VIKTOR YUSHCHENKO OF UKRAINE
THE WHITE HOUSE: Office of the Vice President
Villa Decius, Krakow, Poland, January 26, 2005
Washington, D.C., Thu, January 27, 2005
8. UKRAINE'S NEW PRESIDENT VIKTOR YUSHCHENKO, A
"SECOND GENERATION HOLOCAUST SURVIVOR"
Ukrainian Canadian Civil Liberties Association (UCCLA)
Ukrainian American Civil Liberties Association (UACLA)
Toronto/New York, Wed, 26 January 2005)
9. PRES YUSHCHENKO INVITES ISRAELIS TO INVEST IN UKRAINE
UT1 State TV, Kiev, in Ukrainian 1900 gmt 26 Jan 05
BBC Monitoring Service, UK, in Englishh, Wed, January 26, 2005 (19:00)
10. UKRAINIAN PRESIDENT SAYS HE WILL DO EVERYTHING
POSSIBLE TO RESOLVE 1919 POLISH WAR CEMETERY ISSUE
Polish Radio 1, Warsaw, in Polish 1500 gmt 26 Jan 05
BBC Monitoring Service, UK, in English, January 26, 2005 (15:00)
11. "THE FINAL SOLUTION"
History is littered with genocide but none compares to the
diabolism of the Third Reich, writes Kevin Myers
By Kevin Myers, The Irish Times, Dublin, Ireland, Thu, Jan 27, 2005
12. "EVIL TOO GREAT TO GRASP -- OR REMEMBER"
OP-ED by Columnist Richard Cohen
The Washington Post, Washington, D.C.
Thursday, January 27, 2005; Page A19
13. WHAT BECAME OF THE NAZI CAMP OPERATORS?
The Nazi hunters who doggedly pursued justice on behalf of the
murdered say time is running out, writes Daniel McLaughlin
By Daniel McLaughlin, Irish Times, Dublin, Ireland, Wed, Jan 26, 2005
14. VOICE OF AMERICA MARKS AUSCHWITZ ANNIVERSARY
WITH SPECIAL COVERAGE, INTERVIEWS
VOA, Washington D.C., Thu, January 27, 2005
=========================================================
1. A SURVIVOR'S SON - VIKTOR YUSHCHENKO - RECALLS
'SACRED' AUSCHWITZ
By Ron Popeski, Reuters, Krakow, Poland, Thu, January 27, 2005
KRAKOW, Poland - Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko, who visited
Auschwitz on Thursday, recalled his father's ordeal in the death camp he
described as a "sacred place" for him and his family. Yushchenko said he
had known of Nazi atrocities as a child from his father's account of the
horrors he endured.
"My father was a wounded soldier and he was in Auschwitz. He had a tattoo
11367 on his chest," said Yushchenko, addressing a forum in Krakow before
ceremonies marking the 60th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz by
Soviet troops.
"This is not my first time here. I came here with my children and I hope to
come many more times, even with my grandchildren. This is a sacred place
for me and my family. This is the place where my father suffered."
Yushchenko's father Andriy -- like all Auschwitz forced labor prisoners --
was simply identified by his tattooed number while in the camp. He was there
from February to July 1944. He was also in Dachau and Buchenwald, escaping
seven times. One of a handful of some 14,000 Soviet prisoners of war to
survive the camp where 1.5 million people -- mostly Jews -- died, he
returned home after World War II to work as a teacher. He died in 1992.
Yushchenko, inaugurated on Sunday after protests in Kiev's Independence
Square backing his allegations of election fraud, said Ukrainians were all
too aware of the abuses of power, citing the deaths of millions in the
artificial famine engineered by Josef Stalin in the collectivisation of the
1930s.
"Ukrainians know of the danger involved with intolerance and in losing one's
checks and balances," he said in Krakow, about 70 km (44 miles) east of
Auschwitz. "We came to Independence Square to defend those sacred values
-- liberty, human rights."
He said on his last trip to Auschwitz he had gathered up soil which he
presented to a meeting of Ukrainian Jews. "And I will guarantee that in
Ukraine there will never be anti-Semitism, xenophobia or hatred between
people," he said. "There will never again be a Jewish question in my
country. The tragedy of the past will never be repeated on the soil of
Ukraine."
Ukrainians and Jews have sometimes had troubled relations in the Czarist
era and Soviet times. Authorities in post-Soviet Ukraine, home to half a
million Jews, have made efforts to tackle anti-Semitism and there are few
blatant displays.
Russian President Vladimir Putin told the forum he was ashamed of anti-
Semitism in his country.
Yushchenko said on Wednesday that he had obtained documents on his
father's incarceration from the Auschwitz site's information center,
including receipts for pay he had received.
"This is particularly dear to me as more than 98 percent of the camp's
archives were destroyed," he told reporters. "I am convinced that God
took my father by the hand." -30- [Action Ukraine Monitoring Service]
==========================================================
2. YUSHCHENKO: TWO OF THE WORST TRAGEDIES OF THE 20TH
CENTURY: THE STARVATION AND THE HOLOCAUST
TOOK PLACE IN UKRAINE
PAP news agency, Warsaw, Poland, Thu, 27 Jan 05
CRACOW - I can promise that there will be no room for anti-Semitism,
xenophobia and national disputes in Ukraine, Ukrainian President Viktor
Yushchenko told the "Let my people live" forum in Cracow on Thursday [27
January]. Yushchenko said that the Auschwitz-Birkenau Nazi death camp
was for him and his family a special and sacred place as his father had been
sent there and received the camp number 11367.
"Tens of thousands of soldiers were killed in this place, soldiers and
comrades-in-arms of my father. This is the pain I can feel, and this pain is
alive today. This pain is very special to me as this is a healing pain," the
Ukrainian president said, and added that he wanted all his compatriots and
all citizens of the world to share this pain with him. "As only this pain
and memory can give us strength and wisdom," he added.
Yushchenko recalled that Ukraine was the place where the worst tragedies
of the 20th century had taken place, namely, starvation which cost the lives
of 15m Ukrainians and the Holocaust.
"The Ukrainian people remember the threat posed by intolerance and
aggression. My nation went to the Independence Square in Kiev to protect
the ultimate values of civilization, namely respect for a man and respect
for rights and freedoms. Ukrainians have made their choice," the Ukrainian
president stressed. "Never again the tragedy of the past would return onto
the Ukrainian soil," Yushchenko said. -30-
==========================================================
3. VAKOV VINNICHENKO: SHADOWS AND GHOSTS
I come from Vinnitsa in Ukraine but my mother
took me to Moscow because of famine.
Interview with Vakov Vinnichenko by Ruben Sergeyev
The Guardian, London, United Kingdom, Tue, Jan 25, 2005
Just five survivors remain today from the three Soviet divisions which
liberated Auschwitz concentration camp in January 1945. I am the youngest -
I was only 19 when the war ended. But the events of 60 years ago are as
fresh in my memory as if they happened yesterday.
I come from Vinnitsa in Ukraine. But my mother took me to Moscow in 1934
because of famine. In the summer of 1941 I went to help my grandad in
Ukraine with his vegetable garden. I arrived on Saturday June 21, and the
next day we took his cow to the market. At noon, we heard on the loudspeaker
that war had begun. Money became worthless immediately. We could have got
twice as much for the cow, but it was too late.
Although I was just 15 years old, I was immediately conscripted. We were
kept in reserve, but when I turned 17 I was sent to the front. I had my
baptism of fire in January 1943, when we kicked the Germans out of Voronezh.
The following month, we liberated Kursk. It was a bloodbath: a whole
regiment was killed in three hours. Later, I was badly wounded in the chest
in the battle of Kursk. On recovery, I caught up with my regiment, under the
command of General Vasily Petrenko, who died not long ago. He was a great
commander. Under him we liberated Lvov in the summer of 1944, and on January
19 1945 we freed Krakow, a beautiful ancient city
At about 4am on January 27 we approached Oswiecim (Auschwitz). It is a small
town on the Sola river. We didn't even know there was a concentration camp
there.
The Germans had far better weapons than us, and their rations were
excellent, not like the gruel we had. Sometimes we didn't even get that and
went hungry for days. The Germans also had warm clothing, but we looked like
riffraff by 1945: our clothes were threadbare, and we had no decent boots or
blankets. It was mild for January. There was no snow, which we needed to
melt in our pots to get water.
We won that war with our bodies. We would lose seven of our men for each
German. It was tough in Auschwitz, too. The Germans deployed artillery and
submachine guns outside the camp. They shot at us from the watchtowers and
barracks. The fight raged for about five hours, and we lost many men. Then
they pulled back.
When we entered the camp, we gasped: barbed wire everywhere, everyone in
striped clothes and caps. The prisoners could barely walk: they looked like
shadows or ghosts, they were so skinny. Some could not even move, others
were supported by friends. They tried to talk to us, but we could not
understand them: there were people from different countries, including many
Jews from France, Poland and even Palestine. At the time of our assault
there were 7-10,000 people in the camp - I learned after the war that the
Germans had earlier shipped hundreds of thousands of prisoners to Germany
and continued to use them for forced labour. But those left behind were
barely alive.
At first, when they saw us, they could not believe they were free. But when
they understood, some began to laugh, others broke down crying. Many tried
to kiss us, but they looked so horrible that we kept away so as not to catch
some bug. Many asked for food, but we didn't have any. Our support units
arrived the next day and got busy with the prisoners, feeding and washing
them. But we only stayed for a couple of hours. It was a horrible scene. We
went into a filthy women's barrack, with bunks in tiers and bloodstains on
some of them.
The Germans had not expected everything would move so fast: we carried
out the operation very quickly. They hadn't had time to blow up anything or
plant mines. There was a huge construction site next to the camp: prisoners
were building a chemicals plant. There were not just camp inmates working
there, but also tens of thousands of civilians shipped from the USSR.
The grim barracks stood in rows and, from a distance, looked like a
factory - and it was a real factory of death. I saw a great deal in the war,
but nothing so horrible or awesome as that camp. The experience gave us a
new energy and determination to put an end to the abomination of nazism. Our
men did not spare their lives - we knew our cause was just. In a few days we
moved on to the west, and I was again gravely wounded, now on German
territory, at a place called Lonau.
I did not visit Auschwitz again until 2000, at the invitation of President
Kwasniewski of Poland. This week I am returning for the third time. I do not
believe humanity will forget the suffering of the victims of Auschwitz, nor
the blood shed by their liberators. Anyone who witnessed such a nightmare
would do anything possible to prevent it happening again. -30-
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Sergeant Yakov Vinnichenko took part in the liberation of Auschwitz by the
Red Army on January 27 1945. He was interviewed by Ruben Sergeyev.
==========================================================
4. RUSSIA'S [& UKRAINE'S] HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS MARK
AUSCHWITZ ANNIVERSARY, LAMENT RISE IN ANTI-SEMITISM
Four years old when the Red Army freed him in Kiev, Ukraine
Maria Danilova, AP Worldstream, Krakow, Poland, Thu, Jan 27, 2005
KRAKOW - Elderly Holocaust survivors, Jewish leaders and Red Army veterans
gathered Thursday to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the liberation of
the Auschwitz death camp with what they called mixed feelings - tears of joy
over the Nazi defeat but bitterness over the persistent anti-Semitism in
Russia.
With a minute of silence and a song dedicated to Holocaust victims,
participants paid tribute to the 1.5 million prisoners, most of them Jews,
who perished in gas chambers or died of starvation and disease at the
Auschwitz and Birkenau death camps. In all, some 6 million Jews were killed
in the Holocaust.
But as Jewish leaders celebrated the liberation of Auschwitz - by Soviet
troops - and the victory over Nazi Germany, they lamented the rise of
anti-Semitic sentiments in today's Russia. "There are only few Auschwitz
survivors still alive today- most of them didn't live to hear our lawmakers
asking to ban all Jewish organizations," Aron Zusman, the head of Ruf, a
union of Jewish prisoners of Nazi camps, said bitterly.
Zusman was referring to a recent appeal by some 20 Russian lawmakers asking
prosecutors to launch an investigation with the aim of outlawing all Jewish
organizations. The lawmakers claimed that such groups were fomenting ethnic
hatred and anti-Semitism and should therefore be closed.
"This means that our train leaves for Auschwitz - today and every day," said
Matvei Geizer, a 64-year-old Holocaust survivor. Geizer was 4 years old when
the Red Army soldiers freed him and his family from a Jewish ghetto in Kiev,
Ukraine, in March 1944. According to various statistics, only 12,000-16,000
out of the ghetto's 50,000 inhabitants survived. Several hundred people were
shot - the rest died of starvation and disease, Geizer said.
"We were saved by the Red Army soldiers, and although I was only 4, I can
remember their faces so vividly that I would recognize them on the street,"
said Geizer, whose father had died in the ghetto. He recalled how his
grandfather - despite his mother's and grandmother's protests - took him to
a grave of some 300 ghetto prisoners who had been executed.
"He wanted me to see it with my own eyes and hear with my own ears - he
condemned me to always remembering it," Geizer said. He lamented the
lawmakers' call for banning Jewish organizations, saying that means Russian
society has failed to fully condemn the Nazi crimes. "Such things cannot be
forgotten," Geizer said.
There is no officially sanctioned anti-Semitism in today's Russia but many
Jews and rights advocates accuse Russian leaders of being silent in the face
of xenophobia, expressed in the occasional desecration of Jewish cemeteries
and more frequent skinhead attacks on foreigners.
President Vladimir Putin, addressing a forum in Krakow, Poland, held as
Holocaust remembrance festivities, acknowledged anti-Semitism in Russia.
"Even in our country, in Russia - which did more than any to combat fascism,
for the victory over fascism, which did most to save the Jewish people -
even in our country we sometimes unfortunately see manifestations of this
problem and I, too, am ashamed of that," he said.
Speaking at a commemoration ceremony in Moscow, Foreign Minister Sergey
Lavrov echoed Putin's statement, saying that ethnic and religious hatred
must be combated. "We must do everything to eradicate anti-Semitism,
xenophobia of all kinds, racial discrimination and chauvinism," Lavrov said.
=========================================================
5. UKRAINIAN PRESIDENT MEETS SIX FOREIGN LEADERS IN POLAND
UT1 State TV, Kiev, in Ukrainian 1850 gmt 27 Jan 05
BBC Monitoring Service, UK, in English, Thu, Jan 27, 2005
KIEV - Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko, who is on an official visit
to Poland, has discussed bilateral relations with the leaders of Belgium,
Bulgaria, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway and the Czech Republic,
the presidential press service has reported.
The Bulgarian and Czech presidents [Georgi Purvanov and Vaclav Klaus]
invited Yushchenko to visit their countries. For his part, Yushchenko
invited them to visit Ukraine. [Today Yushchenko attended events in Crakow,
Poland to mark the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz death
camp where his father was a prisoner of war.] -30-
==========================================================
6. DICK CHENEY MEETS WITH NEW UKRAINE PRESIDENT
U.S. Vice President wears a bright orange tie
By Deb Riechmann, AP Online, Krakow, Poland, Thu, Jan 27, 2005
KRAKOW - Vice President Dick Cheney voiced his support Wednesday for
Ukraine's new president, and his bright orange tie - symbolic of Viktor
Yushchenko's "Orange Revolution" - drove home the message.
"The world has been inspired by the remarkable images emanating from Ukraine
in recent months," Cheney said at a cultural center in Krakow, Poland, where
the two met during a heavy snowstorm. "We have watched as Ukrainians, by the
hundreds of thousands, converged on Kiev's Independence Square to preserve
their freedom and safeguard their right to determine the destiny of their
nation." He said the Ukrainian people have shown the world the "unstoppable
power of the popular will."
Yushchenko, who survived a nearly fatal poisoning to emerge victorious in a
bitterly disputed election, faces a delicate juggling act, pushing for
democratic reforms and aligning Ukraine with Europe while keeping fruitful
relations with Russian President Vladimir Putin. On Monday, Yushchenko
smoothed relations with Putin in Moscow. On Wednesday, he stood side-
by-side with Cheney at dual podiums to publicly express mutual support.
Yushchenko mentioned Russia along with the United States, the European Union
and Poland as strategic partners, but he and Cheney refrained from saying
anything that might have provoked Putin, who will meet with President Bush
during his trip to Europe next month.
"We want to pursue the processes of liberalization and democratization in
all aspects of life that are so badly needed in Ukraine and other Eastern
European nations, shoulder-to-shoulder with our partners," said Yushchenko,
his chalky complexion scarred by the near-lethal dose of dioxin he ingested
during the campaign.
"After the Orange Revolution, the country and the nation have changed,"
Yushchenko said. "Not only do we have an independent country, we have
a free country - a country capable of pursing new, independent and
responsible policy." Initially, the two leaders were scheduled to have a
brief meeting and then eat dinner. But their meeting lasted more than an
hour -
more than twice as long as scheduled - and they skipped dinner.
Cheney is on a three-day trip to southern Poland to celebrate the 60th
anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi death camps at nearby Auschwitz
and Birkenau. The vice president's remarks with Yushchenko and, earlier, at
a reception with Holocaust survivors echoed President Bush's inauguration
day call to overcome tyranny and foster democratic reform across the world.
"We must face down hatred together," Cheney said. "We are dedicated to the
task at hand and we will never forget."
On Jan. 27, 1945, Soviet troops liberated the death camps, where between
1 million and 1.5 million prisoners - most of them Jews - perished in gas
chambers or died of starvation and disease. In all, 6 million Jews were
killed in the Holocaust. "Today, many Holocaust survivors have children and
grandchildren and great-grandchildren," Cheney said. "That, I believe, is
the greatest victory of all. Evil did not have the final say. "You survived
terror. You have let the world know the truth and you have preserved the
memory of those who perished."
Cheney's first official stop was at Wawel Royal Castle, where he met for
about 40 minutes with Polish President Aleksander Kwasniewski, a staunch
supporter of the war in Iraq. However, Polish Defense Minister Jerzy
Szmajdzinski has said he thinks Polish troops should stay in Iraq only until
the end of this year.
Poland has taken command of a multinational security force in central Iraq
that currently includes about 6,000 troops _ among them more than 2,400
Polish soldiers. Leaders have previously said they hope to scale down the
Polish presence significantly after elections in Iraq, scheduled for Sunday.
In neighboring Ukraine, Yushchenko has said he will not reverse outgoing
President Leonid Kuchma's decision to withdraw Ukraine's estimated 1,650
troops in Iraq by the end of June. Yushchenko vowed in his campaign to
withdraw the Ukrainian forces from Iraq. But Janusz Bugajski, an expert on
Eastern European affairs at the Washington-based Center for Strategic and
International Studies, said he thinks there might be a way for Yushchenko to
honor his commitment to his electorate as well as the U.S.-led coalition in
Iraq.
"Yushchenko may withdraw, but there may be some other kind of support
Ukraine can provide, or maybe he won't withdraw them all at once," Bugajski
said. "It may be a staggered withdrawal, or they (the Ukrainian troops) may
be repositioned." -30- [The Action Ukraine Report Monitoring Service]
==========================================================
7. REMARKS OF U.S. VICE PRESIDENT DICK CHENEY
WITH PRESIDENT VIKTOR YUSHCHENKO OF UKRAINE
THE WHITE HOUSE: Office of the Vice President
Villa Decius, Krakow, Poland, Wed, January 26, 2005
Washington, D.C., Thu, January 27, 2005
VICE PRESIDENT CHENEY: It's a pleasure to be here tonight and to
congratulate President Yushchenko on his election and inauguration as the
leader of the proud sovereign nation of the Ukraine.
The world has been inspired by the remarkable images emanating from
Ukraine in recent months. We have watched as Ukrainians by the
hundreds of thousands converged on Kiev's Independence Square to
preserve their freedom and safeguard their right to determine the destiny
of their nation.
Fifteen years after the democratic revolutions that swept Central and
Eastern Europe, liberty continues its steady advance in this vital area of
the world. With their courage, dedication and peaceful determination, the
Ukrainian people have shown a watching world the unstoppable power
of the popular will.
What President Yushchenko has accomplished is remarkable and inspiring
and there are great tasks ahead. Free nations stood with him as he made his
just demands that the voice of the people be heard. The free world will
stand with him once again as he works to consolidate Ukraine's democratic
gains and adds to the prosperity and justice of his country.
As President Yushchenko assumes his responsibilities, he and the people he
serves can know this: the United States supports the sovereignty and
independence of Ukraine and we support Ukraine's aspirations to join the
institutions that bind the free nations of the West.
President Yushchenko is an ally in freedom's cause, and President Bush and
the American people stand with him.
We look forward to working with President Yushchenko to strengthen a
democratic Ukraine to enhance security, preserve peace, and build a better
world.
Once again, Mr. President, my congratulations.
PRESIDENT YUSHCHENKO: Dear Mr. Vice President, ladies and
gentlemen, dear guests. The United States as well as Russia, as well
as the European Union, and as well as Poland - belong to the strategic
partners of Ukraine.
We built on an assumption that in many respects our national interests
coincide. And I would suspect that, with respect to the previous policy of
the previous power, our allies had a lot of frustrations. Very frequently
the inconsistency in our policies made our bilateral and multilateral
relations ineffective.
And today I am proud to state that the Ukrainian party is responsible for
all the commitments that we have before our allies and partners. We want to
pursue the processes of liberalization and democratization in all aspects of
public life that are so badly needed for Ukraine and other Eastern European
countries - shoulder to shoulder with our partners.
In my discussion with Mr. Vice President, I have repeatedly highlighted
that, after the Orange Revolution, the country and the nation have changed.
Not only do we have an independent country, we have a free country - a
country capable of pursuing new, independent, and responsible policy.
We have discussed a number of issues that refer to our bilateral relations,
both in economic and political aspects. I was pleased to invite Mr. Vice
President to visit Ukraine at his convenience, and we hope that our
bilateral relations will continue to remain constructive and effective. -30-
==========================================================
8. UKRAINE'S NEW PRESIDENT VIKTOR YUSHCHENKO, A
"SECOND GENERATION HOLOCAUST SURVIVOR"
Ukrainian Canadian Civil Liberties Association (UCCLA)
Ukrainian American Civil Liberties Association (UACLA)
Toronto/New York, Wed, 26 January 2005)
TORONTO/NEW YORK - On Thursday, 27 January 2005, the
world will mark the 60th anniversary of the liberation of survivors
from the infamous Nazi concentration camp, Auschwitz-Birkenau.
Among the victims of Nazi tyranny were millions of Ukrainians,
enslaved or exterminated by the Nazis. Ukraine lost more of its
population than any other country in Nazi-occupied Europe, as the
distinguished British historian, Professor Norman Davies, has
confirmed.
Regrettably, and far too often, Ukrainian victims are commingled
with those of other countries such as Poland, Czechoslovakia,
Hungary and Romania or included under the rubric of Russian or
Soviet losses. Even more perfidious are the perpetuation of bigoted
stereotypes portraying Ukrainians as camp guards or collaborators.
Anti-Nazi resistance in Ukraine was ferocious, extensive, and
effective and Ukraine's insurgents would fight not only the Nazis
and their allies but continue to struggle for their country's freedom
against Soviet occupation, well into the 1950s.
No one knows how many Ukrainians were confined or perished
in, the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex and the other Nazi concentration
camps, but it is certain that amongst those at Auschwitz there was a
Ukrainian prisoner of war, Andrij, who later became the father of
the first democratic president of Ukraine, the recently inaugurated
Viktor Yuschenko. Thus Ukraine's president can be described as
a "second generation survivor" of the Holocaust. -30-
-------------------------------------------------------------------
For more on Ukrainian nationalists and the Holocaust go to
www.uccla.ca for the memoirs written by Stefan Petylycky,
#154922, entitled, Into Auschwitz, For Ukraine or to
www.uacla.org for an account, "Orange and Auschwitz," by
Bohdan Kaczor, #154754.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Ukrainian Canadian Civil Liberties Association (UCCLA)
UCCLA National Office, Suite 277, 3044 Bloor Street West
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M8X 2Y8
Web: www.uccla.ca; E-mail: info@uccla.ca
==========================================================
9. PRES YUSHCHENKO INVITES ISRAELIS TO INVEST IN UKRAINE
UT1 State TV, Kiev, in Ukrainian 1900 gmt 26 Jan 05
BBC Monitoring Service, UK, in Englishh, Wed, January 26, 2005 (19:00)
KIEV - [Ukrainian] President [Viktor] Yushchenko met Israeli President
Moshe Qatzav in Poland today.
The leader of our country said that he opposes anti-Semitism and encouraged
Israeli businessmen to invest in Ukraine as a country which, he said, will
soon become popular with investors. -30-
==========================================================
10. UKRAINIAN PRESIDENT SAYS HE WILL DO EVERYTHING
POSSIBLE TO RESOLVE 1919 POLISH WAR CEMETERY ISSUE
Polish Radio 1, Warsaw, in Polish 1500 gmt 26 Jan 05
BBC Monitoring Service, UK, in English, January 26, 2005 (15:00)
WARSAW - [Presenter] Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko has assured
that he will do everything for the problems around the opening of the
[renovated] Orleta [1919 Polish war] Cemetery in Lviv [western Ukraine] to
be resolved this year, which is Polish Year in Ukraine. The Polish side and
the community in Lviv ought to shake hands. I do not want the hand of
anyone to be left in mid-air, Yushchenko said at a press conference in
Cracow.
We go over to our reporter, Sylwia Bialek, who has been at this press
conference.
[Reporter] The Ukrainian president confirmed that he would do everything for
the dispute around the Orleta Cemetery in Lviv to be resolved before the end
of this year and for the cemetery to be finally able to be officially
opened. Yushchenko stressed that assistance in the resolution of this
dispute is for him a moral obligation. In his view, Poles and the community
in Lviv should in the end shake hands.
Asked why he had decided to appoint Yuliya Tymoshenko to the post of prime
minister, Yushchenko replied that the plan had been Yushchenko for president
and Tymoshenko for prime minister. And as he explained, one-third of
Ukrainian society supports such a plan. That is why he did not waver long
and did appoint Tymoshenko to the post of prime minister.
The Ukrainian president told the press conference that he supported the idea
of the organization of the football world championship together with the
Poles. In his view, such an event would bring us even closer to each other.
This was Sylwia Bialek, from Cracow, for [public] Polish Radio.
[Presenter] Thank you. Let us just add that President Yushchenko has come
to Poland for the anniversary commemorations of the liberation of the
Auschwitz-Birkenau camp, where his father was imprisoned for a number of
months. -30- [The Action Ukraine Report Monitoring Service]
==========================================================
11. "THE FINAL SOLUTION"
History is littered with genocide but none compares to the
diabolism of the Third Reich, writes Kevin Myers
By Kevin Myers, The Irish Times, Dublin, Ireland, Thu, Jan 27, 2005
Die Endlosung, the final solution, the extermination of Europe's Jews, was
administratively agreed upon at the Wannsee conference in Berlin in January
1942. Hitler had probably made up his mind to exterminate world Jewry after
he had declared war against the US the month before. But before the 15
pencils and pads were laid neatly around the large mahogany table in the
lakeside Wannsee mansion, the momentum towards genocide had been
gathering from deep within European history.
Widespread anti-Semitism was but one factor in the creation of the necessary
psychology for mass murder. After all, it had long existed in Europe. The
Jews had been chased out of England and Spain in the middle ages and had
sought refuge in the vast and relatively unpopulated tracts around the
Vistula. Subsequently, anti-Semitism had remained a feature of most
societies - but without it being expressed in terms of organised mass
murder.
The arrival of Leninist totalitarianism brought with it the great enabling
idea that the state - not law, nor monarch nor pontiff - was the supreme
authority. And this was not some uniquely Christian perversion. The notion
that the population of the state could be murderously engineered was first
enunciated by the Jewish Bolshevist Gregory Zinoviev in September 1918.
"To overcome our enemies we must have our own socialist militarism. We
must win over to our side 90 million out of the hundred millions of the
inhabitants of Russia under the Soviets. As for the rest of them, we have
nothing to say to them: they must be exterminated."
The annihilation of class enemies became a commonplace under the Soviet
Union: but though mass murder became a feature of the purges, the primary
purpose of the infamous Gulag was to supply the state with free labour. The
idea of a death camp, where the state used industrial principles to maximise
the output of not economic products but dead humans, was the singular
achievement of the Third Reich.
Of course, killing one's tribal enemy is as old as mankind. Dead Philistines
and Egyptians brought a sombre joy to the authors of the Old Testament. Even
the term genocide applies to earlier events. The Mongols are said to have
killed 35 million Chinese peasants in the 14th century, and though modern
Turkey hotly disputes the word to describe the Armenian massacres in 1915 -
largely, as it happens, by Kurds - many historians feel the term fits. But
nothing in history quite compares with the Third Reich's diabolism.
The Final Solution actually began with a euthanasia programme in German
hospitals. Eight thousand children were killed with the barbiturate luminol.
Other experiments revealed the efficacy of gassing. The gun also proved
useful: the final programme to rid the Reich of the mentally ill involved
shooting 50,000 patients.
When in January 1939, Hitler publicly promised the extermination of the
Jewry of Europe in the event of war, he had probably still not decided on
the wholesale murder of the entire population of Jews. More likely, what he
had in mind was the elimination of the Jews of the east and the deportation
to Madagascar of the "civilised" Jews of Germany.
That option was ruled out by the continued maritime dominion of the Royal
Navy: hence, as his "Jewish problem" mounted with his victories in the East,
the Final Solution.
Perhaps the most striking aspect of this programme was its irrationality -
though to be sure, it was not entirely irrational. Jews who could work
experienced an even worse fate than those who were killed outright: they
were worked to death.
But there was nonetheless something bizarrely dysfunctional about reducing
doctors, physicists and engineers to manual slave labour. To have used their
intellect would, of course, have undermined the underlying thesis of the
"untermensch".
Contrary to popular mythology, Nazi Germany was not a single monolith,
remorselessly and ruthlessly obeying orders from the apex. The general tone
was set by Hitler, but his will was imposed through a myriad of competing
agencies. Even the implementation of the Final Solution involved many
organisations, orchestrated by the formal host of the Wannsee conference,
Adolf Eichmann. Even individuals involved varied startlingly. The
elimination of Jews could be executed by the exquisitely-mannered,
Mozart-loving Catholic intellectual Artur Seyss-Inqart, the butcher of the
Netherlands, or by his fellow Austrian, Odilo Globocnik, a violent and
personally disgusting brute whom his fellow Nazis loathed.
It is this mix, where the mannered and outwardly cultivated consorted with
the truly barbaric, which made the Third Reich so utterly evil. Thus the
unspeakable was fastidiously recorded: Idi Amin meets bureaucracy. On
December 29th, 1942, Hitler received a report from Himmler written using a
special large typeface because of the F'hrer's failing eyesight. It declared
that in the Ukraine alone, special units had executed 363,211 Jews; and in
all that murderous filth, someone was counting.
But it was the fate of the Jews of Salonika which underlines the military
insanity of the Final Solution. Using scarce railway resources at the height
of the war, 45,000 were sent the 1,600 km to the muddy horrors of Auschwitz.
Just three survived.
From the opening days of the war, anti-Semitism had been its keynote, as the
Volkdeutsche Selbschultz - auxiliary units of ethnic Germans in Poland -
fell on their Jewish neighbours, and murdered them simply because they were
Jews.
They were the pioneers for all that followed. Two million Soviet Jews shot
or gassed in situ. Half a million Polish Jews killed in their ghettoes. Up
to two million Jews killed in Treblinka. Nor was it a German affliction
alone. Ukrainians and Balts in particular were enthusiastic Jew-killers, and
Romanian fascists murdered a quarter of a million Jews.
So Auschwitz stands as a useful concrete symbol of the greatest crime in
Europe's history: but the Final Solution could anyway have occurred without
it. Moreover, it had been foreshadowed by Stalin's camps, and its liberation
did not spell the end of murderous racism on the continent.
Incredibly, the first post-war anti-Semitic pogrom occurred in Poland a few
months later, and the glories of Bosnia lay half a century ahead. -30-
==========================================================
12. "EVIL TOO GREAT TO GRASP -- OR REMEMBER"
OP-ED by Columnist Richard Cohen
The Washington Post, Washington, D.C.
Thursday, January 27, 2005; Page A19
Not long ago, Prince Harry -- an accident away from the British throne --
showed up at a costume party dressed as a Nazi. We know this because
someone took a picture that made it into the English tabloids -- a diversion
for a day or two before the papers returned to more serious matters such
as the sexual affairs of Cabinet ministers. But they should have stuck with
the Harry story. The dim prince is truly a child of the new century. Nothing
that happened in the past century seems to have affected him at all.
Today is the 60th anniversary of the last century's most searing event, the
liberation of Auschwitz. It was appropriately marked at the United Nations
earlier in the week, but most people in most places took no heed, and even
if they did, they may not have known what to make of it. I understand. The
enormity of Auschwitz, let alone the Holocaust, is such that the human brain
can scarcely contain it. Even to let Auschwitz in is to let God out.
For some time now Auschwitz has been slipping away from us, officially
remembered, unofficially neglected. Accounts of it -- books, films -- are
met with jaded boredom: We know, we know. In the infantile imagination of
Harry, prince of the realm, the Nazi uniform summoned up not an ounce of
revulsion, not a touch of the creeps, as if the Holocaust, like Vlad the
Impaler, has been transformed from incomprehensible evil to comic book
camp. It may be hard to deal with it any other way.
Auschwitz is never far from my mind. I have been to the place and read its
literature. But even if I hadn't, even if I knew it just as a place where
more than 1 million Jews and others were murdered, it would still intrude at
one of those treacly moments when someone mentions the goodness of mankind
or the benevolence of God. It has been this way with me since childhood,
when, over and over again, I asked the rabbis in religious school: Why? How?
Explain! They could not.
You saw some of this questioning in the aftermath of the recent catastrophic
tsunami. Some writers tried to grapple with its theological implications:
How could He? The children. The infants. What sort of God is this? But the
questions will fade as the tragedy works its way toward the back of the
newspaper and ultimately falls off the page. It will become something that
just happened. Besides, it was impenetrably scientific, something
geological, about volcanic pressures and tectonic plates -- and
breathtakingly swift, to boot. Maybe God had just turned His back.
The Holocaust, in contrast, was not an instantaneous event. It lasted years.
It consumed about 6 million, 10 million, who knows how many million people,
Jews and non-Jews, but 1 million Jewish children -- infants, too. This had
nothing to do with oceans and lava and tectonic plates and stuff only
scientists could really understand. Auschwitz was the diligent work of man,
a constellation of camps and factories, all of it worked by slaves, all of
them marked for death. Auschwitz was essentially about murder, about what
people did to people. A human being could go from physician or musician or
mother or child to ash in the course of a couple of hours. Geology had
nothing to do with it. The mysteries are not scientific. They are
theological.
Here is my fear. Because we cannot understand Auschwitz, because it is an
immense bump in the road in our belief in a good God -- "a just God," the
president said in his inaugural address -- we will let it slip from memory,
remembered maybe like some statue in the town square that memorializes
something or other, maybe a war, maybe a man. Reminders will seem like
nagging, and when the survivors are finally gone (they have been an
incredibly hardy lot) so, too, will be the obligation to remember. Ah, what
a relief!
Then, bit by bit, Auschwitz will fade, becoming something that happened in
the last century to people who some may insist had it coming anyway -- Jews
and commies and Gypsies and homosexuals . . . mostly. For most people, it
may become -- it is already becoming -- too dense a historic burden, a
hideously heavy truth about who we can be, not just who we would like to
be. Prince Harry just chucked it all. Someday, I fear, so shall we all and
then -- as it has in Rwanda and at Srebrenica -- it will happen again.
And again.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
E-mail: Richard Cohen: cohenr@washpost.com
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40071-2005Jan26.html
==========================================================
13. WHAT BECAME OF THE NAZI CAMP OPERATORS?
The Nazi hunters who doggedly pursued justice on behalf of the
murdered say time is running out, writes Daniel McLaughlin
By Daniel McLaughlin, Irish Times, Dublin, Ireland, Wed, Jan 26, 2005
As world leaders head to Auschwitz for a ceremony of remembrance and
reconciliation, a Jewish campaigner will tell Germans today that Nazi
killers still live among them. Dr Ephraim Zuroff has doggedly hunted war
criminals for a quarter of a century and leads the chase since the
retirement of his mentor, Simon Wiesenthal, who is now aged 96.
In Berlin this afternoon, Dr Zuroff will tell Germany - as he has told most
of Eastern Europe on a sweep through the region - that thousands of Nazis
and their collaborators are still alive, and time is running out to make
them answer for their part in the Holocaust.
Operation Last Chance is the latest battle in Dr Zuroff's war against
forgetting. And he accuses Europe, especially the former Soviet bloc, of
encouraging a kind of collective amnesia over how many Nazis and local
allies massacred Jews with a terrible zeal. "You have to remember that in
order to carry out such a heinous crime, which resulted in the murder of six
million Jews and millions of others, it takes hundreds of thousands,
millions of individuals who were involved in different ways," Dr Zuroff
says.
"Unfortunately, there is a pitiful lack of political will to investigate
these war criminals. Sometimes governments see us as the problem for
shoving this issue in their faces. But we are telling them the truth about
what happened in their countries, and the only way to deal with the past,
and move on, is to put these criminals on trial."
For many nations, the issue was slammed shut after the Nuremberg Trials,
which took place between November 1945 and April 1949 and which tried
and hanged some of Adolf Hitler's most senior henchmen for crimes against
humanity.
After surviving the concentration camps that killed 87 of his relatives, Mr
Wiesenthal helped the Americans compile evidence for the Nuremberg Trials,
and then established the Jewish Documentation Centre in the Austrian town of
Linz.
But in the 1950s, while German and Polish courts worked steadily through
thousands of other war crimes cases, interest in fugitives from justice
began to wane as the Cold War gripped public and official concern.
As Mr Wiesenthal closed his base in Linz, lamenting the speed with which
Nazi atrocities were receding into history, his US allies had good reason to
look the other way.
Recently declassified documents show that the US army and CIA recruited
Reinhard Gehlen, Hitler's intelligence chief on the eastern front, to make
use of his information on the Soviet Union and his wartime spy network. Mr
Gehlen's operation later became West Germany's BND federal intelligence
service and, according to Hans-Georg Wieck, the man who ran the BND from
1985 to 1990, it included about 100 SS men "possibly guilty of war crimes".
As the West locked horns with Moscow, Mr Wiesenthal continued quietly
collecting information on Nazis who had escaped both the Nuremberg Trials
and members of the British army's Jewish Brigade, which formed a group
called the "Nokmim" - the Avengers - which captured and killed hundreds of
SS officers.
And as US and European support dwindled, Mr Wiesenthal found a new ally.
The young state of Israel, and its security service Mossad, had no
ambivalence dfabout the need to hunt Hitler's henchmen.
It focused particular attention on Latin America, where many senior Nazis
were believed to have found refuge in friendly dictatorships, escaping
Europe with the help of fabled, fascist-run underground networks, like
Odessa and Kamaradenwerk.
In the autumn of 1957, the Israeli Foreign Ministry received word that one
of the most wanted men in the world was now living quietly on Garibaldi
Street in Buenos Aries, under the assumed name of Ricardo Klement.
He was really Adolf Eichmann, the head of the Gestapo's Jewish Office, who
was in the vanguard of anti-Semitic persecution throughout the Third Reich,
before he was given the task of eliminating Europe's 11 million Jews at the
Wannsee conference outside Berlin in 1942. He disappeared without trace
after the war.
Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion approved a Mossad operation that, in
May 1960, abducted Mr Eichmann outside his house and flew him to Israel a
few days later. He was tried before an Israeli court the following year, and
hanged in May 1962, for crimes against the Jewish people and humanity.
The interest surrounding Mr Eichmann encouraged Mr Wiesenthal in his hunt
for missing Nazis, and in 1961 he reopened the Jewish Documentation Centre,
this time in Vienna.
In 1963, he discovered that a certain Austrian police inspector was actually
Karl Silberbauer, the Gestapo officer who arrested 14-year-old Anne Frank in
Amsterdam and in 1966, 16 SS officers, nine of them uncovered by Mr
Wiesenthal, were tried for the mass murder of Jews in Ukraine.
In 1967, Mr Wiesenthal's investigations led him to one of the employees at
the Volkswagen car plant outside Sao Paolo, Brazil: it was Franz Stangl, the
commandant of the Treblinka and Sobibor concentration camps in Poland, where
more than a million Jews were executed; in 1967, he denounced a housewife
living in Queens, New York, as Hermine Braunsteiner, who supervised the
killing of hundreds of children at Majdanek.
Mr Wiesenthal also spent years tracking Dr Josef Mengele, Auschwitz's "Angel
of Death", who killed thousands of Jews and Gyspies - many of them
children - with his macabre medical experiments. Most evidence suggests that
Dr Mengele drowned in 1979 in Brazil, where he lived for at least 15 years
after spells in Argentina and Paraguay.
Tabloid headlines occasionally proclaimed sightings of the doctor with
Martin Bormann, Hitler's private secretary, who fled the Fuhrer's bunker
after witnessing his suicide. Experts say Mr Bormann's body was discovered
during excavations in Berlin in 1972. He too had taken a cyanide pill to
evade capture by the marauding Red Army.
Though most leads have gone cold as the Third Reich generation dies off,
some senior Nazis are still out there, Dr Zuroff insists. "Alois Brunner is
alive and living in Damascus, Syria, until we confirm otherwise," he says.
"He was Eichmann's lieutenant, and is responsible for the deportation of
128,500 Jews to death camps from Austria, Greece, Slovakia and France."
Another leading Nazi hunter, Serge Klarsfeld, has also tried for years to
get Syria to extradite Brunner, who worked for Gehlen's US-backed operation
immediately after the war. Mr Klarsfeld had more success in having Gestapo
agent Klaus Barbie expelled from Bolivia to stand trial in France, and with
his campaign for the prosecution of Maurice Papon, an official in the puppet
Vichy government that ruled wartime France.
From the Simon Wiesenthal Centre in Jerusalem, and with colleagues in
Argentina and Canada, Dr Zuroff continues Mr Wiesenthal's pursuit of
"justice not vengeance".
But lingering prejudice or reluctance to face past crimes hampers his
efforts: in Austria, an information line on the hunt for war criminals was
inundated with calls - 95 percent of them consisting solely of anti-Semitic
abuse; and in the Baltic states, some still see Nazi collaborators as heroes
who opposed the Soviet occupation.
Dr Zuroff says the EU does nothing to encourage its members to find war
criminals, and has no equivalent of the US Office of Special Investigations,
which is currently investigating more than 100 suspected former Nazis and
collaborators.
"We're putting Europe's governments to the test, putting this question on
the public agenda," says Dr Zuroff of Operation Last Chance, which offers
10,000 reward for information leading to a conviction. "If states aspire to
European values, they must face this issue."
While shadowed by death in the concentration camps, Mr Wiesenthal resolved
to make the world face it. In his memoirs, he recalls telling an SS guard of
his intention to help the US find Nazi fugitives after the war. "You would
tell the truth to the people in America?" the guard replied.
"That's right. And you know what would happen, Wiesenthal? They wouldn't
believe you. They'd say you were mad, might even put you into an asylum. How
can anyone believe this terrible business - unless he has lived through it?"
Tomorrow: As world leaders gather at Auschwitz for Holocaust Day, Dan
McLaughlin looks at the Nazi legacy of hatred and intolerance hat continues
to inspire latter day extremists in Europe. -30-
==========================================================
14. VOICE OF AMERICA MARKS AUSCHWITZ ANNIVERSARY
WITH SPECIAL COVERAGE, INTERVIEWS
VOA, Washington D.C., Thu, January 27, 2005
WASHINGTON, D.C.- The Voice of America (VOA) is marking today's 60th
anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi death camp at Auschwitz with
special coverage all week, including reports from the United Nation's first
commemorative session and an interview with Croatian President Stjepan Mesic
on the Croatian pro-Germany wartime government and his country's commitment
"never to forget" such crimes.
In an exclusive anniversary-eve interview, Mesic told VOA that "crimes
committed in the Nazi death camp Auschwitz can never be forgotten, nor will
their repeating ever be allowed." Discussing the Croatian death camp at
Jasenovac and the 7,000 Croatian Jews deported to death camps in Poland by
the Croatian Ustashi government, Germany's wartime allies, President Mesic
said that Croatians "can move forward only if we face the truth, and do not
attempt to rewrite history, or try to explain it differently."
Correspondents in Krakow, Poland as well as in Belgrade, Brussels, Budapest,
Jerusalem, Moscow, and the United States have added to VOA's coverage of the
anniversary. Earlier in the week, VOA reported from Monday's special session
of the United Nations' General Assembly meeting, where foreign ministers and
dignitaries joined death camp survivors for a solemn observance.
VOA Croatian Service broadcasts three radio shows daily, along with a TV
newscast. VOA Croatian programs, including the Mesic interview, are also
available on the Internet at: www.glasamerike.com or
www.VOANESWS.com/croatian. News and information in English is
available at www.VOANEWS.com.. -30-
----------------------------------------
The Voice of America, which first went on the air in 1942, is a multimedia
international broadcasting service funded by the U.S. government through the
Broadcasting Board of Governors. VOA broadcasts more than 1,000 hours
of news, information, educational, and cultural programming every week to
and are estimated worldwide audience of more than 100 million people.
Programs are produced in 44 languages, including English.
For additional information, please contact the Office of Public Affairs at
(202) 401-7000 or publicaffairs@voa.gov.
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