"UKRAINE REPORT 2003"
"The Art of Ukrainian History, Culture, Arts, Business, Religion,
Sports, Government, and Politics, in Ukraine and Around the World"
"UKRAINE REPORT 2003," Number 108
U.S.-UKRAINE FOUNDATION (USUF)
www.ArtUkraine.com Information Service (ARTUIS)
Washington, D.C., Kyiv, Ukraine, morganw@patriot.net
THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 2003
INDEX OF ARTICLES:
1. U.S. AMBASSADOR JOHN HERBST SUGGESTS UKRAINE APPLY
FOR MARKET-ECONOMY STATUS DESIGNATION BY USA
Interfax-Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, November 26, 2003
2. FAMINE 1932-1933 YEARS IN UKRAINE
Reasons and Consequences
An Outstanding New Book is Published in Kyiv, Ukraine
E. Morgan Williams, Senior Advisor, U.S.-Ukraine Foundation (USUF)
Kyiv, Ukraine, Friday, November 28, 2003
3. "CHUMAK" COMPANY TO SUPPLY SUNOIL TO KAZAKSTAN
AND UZBEKISTAN
AgriMarket.Info., Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine, November 26, 2003
4. U.S. MISSION TO THE OSCE STATEMENT ON UKRAINE
As delivered by Deputy Permanent Representative Douglas Davidson
to the Permanent Council, Vienna, Austria, November 20, 2003
5. EBRD SIGNS FIRST DEAL IN PAPER SECTOR IN UKRAINE
UNIAN, Kyiv, Ukraine, Thursday, November 27, 2003
6. UKRAINE'S NEW AMBASSADOR TO U.S. MYKHAILO REZNYK
MEETS WITH U.S. SECRETARY OF STATE COLIN POWELL
UNIAN, Kyiv, Ukraine, Thursday, November 27, 2003
7. OPPOSITION FACTIONS IN UKRAINE RALLY IN KYIV
By Vlad Lavrov, www.ArtUkraine.com Information Service (ARTUIS)
Kyiv, Ukraine, Thursday, November 27, 2003
8. UKRAINE, POLAND SIGN DEAL ON ODESSA-BRODY
PIPELINE INTEGRATION IN BRUSSELS
Interfax-Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Thursday, November 27, 2003
9. SURVIVING THE HORROR
People ate anything they could find, just to stay alive
Victims Honored This Weekend In Winnipeg
By Carol Sanders, Winnipeg Free Press Online Edition
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Thursday, November 27th, 2003
10. BOOKS ON UKRAINIAN CULTURAL HISTORY AND HERITAGE
BY RODOVID PRESS
www.ArtUkraine.com Information Service (ARTUIS)
Kyiv, Ukraine, Friday, November 28, 2003
11. UKRAINE APPRECIATES INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT
ON 1932-1933 FAMINE
Interfax-Ukraine news agency, Kiev, in Russian, 22 Nov 03
BBC Monitoring Service, UK, in English, Nov 22, 2003
12. THE DAY'S READERS REMEMBER [HOLODOMOR 33]
Personal Stories About the Genocidal Famine of 1932-1933
The Day Weekly Digest, Kyiv, Ukraine, November 25, 2003
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UKRAINE REPORT 2003, No. 108: ARTICLE NUMBER ONE
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1. U.S. AMBASSADOR JOHN HERBST SUGGESTS UKRAINE APPLY
FOR MARKET-ECONOMY STATUS DESIGNATION BY USA
Interfax-Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, November 26, 2003
The USA propose that Ukraine apply for market-economy status as the
circumstances are currently favorable, US ambassador to Ukraine John Herbst
said during a 25 November meeting with Economy Minister Valeriy
Khoroshkovsky.
The ministry's press service says Herbst stressed that US businessmen
working in Ukraine, particularly the American Chamber of Commerce, should
support Ukraine's bid because in order to get market-economy status, a
country should meet economic as well political criteria.
The issue hinges on an analysis of six factors: convertibility of Ukraine's
hryvnia according to current accounts; how free the setting of salaries is;
the openness of the economy to foreign investment (including the opportunity
to create joint ventures); how much property the government owns and/or
controls; how much the government controls resources; how much that
government controls prices and production volumes.
In addition, according to Herbst, the USA will take into account how market
forces operate in Ukraine. According to current procedures, in order for
Ukraine to have its application considered, the government must submit an
official request to the US Department of Commerce, which will respond within
270 days.
As reported earlier, Ukrainian premier Viktor Yanukovych has already
instructed the Ukrainian Ministry of Economics and European Integration to
prepare a request. Ukraine has been trying to get market economy status
since 2001 in order to be eligible for certain privileges which would help
it avoid anti-dumping measures in the USA. (END) (ARTUIS)
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UKRAINE REPORT 2003, No. 108: ARTICLE NUMBER TWO
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2. FAMINE 1932-1933 YEARS IN UKRAINE
Reasons and Consequences
An Outstanding New Book is Published in Kyiv, Ukraine
By E. Morgan Williams, Senior Advisor
U.S.-Ukraine Foundation (USUF)
Kyiv, Ukraine, November 28, 2003
KYIV, Ukraine...An outstanding new book, "Famine 1932-1933 Years
in Ukraine, Reasons and Consequences," has been published about the
1932-1933 genocidal famine in Ukraine (holodomor) by the Institute of
History of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
The book is in Ukrainian and has 872 pages.
The new book was presented Thursday at the "Ukrainian Genocidal Famine
(Holodomor) 1932-1933 70th Anniversary Commemoration Art Exhibition
"To the Dead, and the Living and the Unborn," held at the Ukrainian House
in Kyiv, by one of the members of the books editorial council, noted
Ukrainian historian Stanislav Kulchytskiy.
Kulchytskiy viewed the holodomor art exhibit along with Volodymyr
Lozitskyi, Director, Central State Archives of Public Organizations of
Ukraine; Roman Krutsyk, Chairman, Kyiv City Organization of the All
Ukrainian Memorial Society of Vasyl Stus; Bohdan Fedorak, Honorary
Counsul, Consulate of Ukraine in Michigan; Emily Urquhart and Roman
Zakaluzny, reporters for the Kyiv Post, Marian Braid, Vice Counsul,
Canadian Embassy in Ukraine and Ukrainian artist Yuri Shevtsov who has
the original artwork of two of his early 1990's holodomor posters
displayed in the exhibition.
According to information in the new book the history of the 1932-1933
famine is researched. The book states, "Its origin is being shown. The
mechanism of the creation of terror by the means of famine is being
analyzed. The destructive consequences of the famine for Ukrainian
ethnos and culture is being exposed."
"In the book is given the analysis of archival sources and history
(Ukrainian, eastern European, western European) and also scientific
and fiction literature and art on the famine of the 1930's.
"In the book is reflected the struggle for exposing the truth to
Ukrainians and the whole world about the famine and is told about
the measures on commemorating the victims of the disaster of that
time.
"In the book are unique photo documents of the 1929-1934 years
and modern drawings and prints.
"The book is meant for scientists, politicians, teachers, artists, experts
in history, and for all who are interested in the history of Ukraine."
The editoral council for the book was headed by V. Smoliy. Other
members were I. Dziuba; S. Kulchytskiy; V. Litvyn; V. Marochko;
J. Mace; and R. Pyrih. The book is organized into eleven chapters
as follows:
PREFACE, Page 5
CHAPTER I--Archive Sources and Documents About the Famine
of 1932-1933 in Ukraine; Page 9.
CHAPTER II--Peculiarities of Showing the Famine in History, Literature
and Art, Page 108.
CHAPTER III--The Ukrainian Village in the Period of the New
Economic Policy, Page 220.
CHAPTER IV--The Complete Collectivization of the Ukrainian
Village, Page 324.
CHAPTER V--Terror by the Means of Famine; Political, Economical
and Ethnical Aspects, Page 440.
CHAPTER VI--Demographical Catastrophe, Page 478
CHAPTER VII--The Surviving of the Village Population During the
Famine, Page 538.
CHAPTER VIII--State Bodies of Power During the Famine, Page 598
CHAPTER IX--The Ukrainian Nation During the Years of the Famine,
Page 656.
CHAPTER X--Actions of Protest of the Public and Political Unions
of Ukrainian Emigration in the 1930's, Page 746.
CHAPTER XI--The Famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine within the
International Context and Commemorating the Victims of the Famine.
Page 796.
Historian Stanislav Kulchytskiy indicated the book has been a major
project this year for the Institute of History of Ukraine and he thinks
the book is a major addition to the historical research that has been
done in Ukraine about the genocidal famine since such research was
allowed beginning in the late 1980's. (END) (ARTUIS)
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NOTE: If you are interested in obtaining a copy of the new book
please contact us at morganw@patriot.net.
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UKRAINE REPORT 2003, No. 108: ARTICLE NUMBER THREE
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3. "CHUMAK" COMPANY TO SUPPLY SUNOIL TO KAZAKHSTAN
AND UZBEKISTAN
AgriMarket.Info., Dnipropetrovsk, November 26, 2003
Company "Cumak" (Kakhovka, Kherson region, Ukraine) - one of
Ukraine's leading producer of refined sunoil, ketchup ad canned
vegetables - plans to supply these products to Kazakhstan and
Uzbekistan, the Company's President Carl Sturen told journalists on
Tuesday.
He said that the contracts for sales of sunoil to these countries had
already been signed, but did not disclose the volumes of the projected
sales. He said that the markets of these countries represented large
interest to the company because of their large capacity.
The company is also planning to expand the sales of sunoil in Russia,
Sturen said.
The Closed Joint-Stock Company "Chumak" is currently estimating its
share on Ukrainian market of refined packaged sunoil in 25 percent,
which is 5 percent more than in November 2002. In January-November
this year it sold a $22 million worth of products.
In August 2002 15 percent of the company's share was acquired by
Norwegian Orkla Foods - an affiliate of the Orkla Group. (END)(ARTUIS)
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UKRAINE REPORT 2003, No. 108: ARTICLE NUMBER FOUR
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4. U.S. MISSION TO THE OSCE STATEMENT ON UKRAINE
As delivered by Deputy Permanent Representative Douglas Davidson
to the Permanent Council, Vienna, November 20, 2003
Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
The United States Ambassador to Ukraine has conveyed, on numerous
occasions, including at the highest levels, concerns of the United States
regarding recent incidents involving obstacles to free assembly, to free
speech and in general to a free and fair political campaign in Donetsk, Sumy
and elsewhere in Ukraine.
Interference in the exercise of such rights, especially at the behest of
government officials - whether local or national - runs contrary to
Ukraine's stated commitment to democracy and to international human rights
norms and agreements to which Ukraine has subscribed. Events since Donetsk
and Sumy, including in Lutsk and Simferopol give cause for further concern.
Looking toward the October 2004 presidential election, it is the hope of the
United States that Ukraine will do all it can to ensure a level playing
field. This includes:
*ensuring balanced electoral commissions;
*allowing domestic and international election monitors to operate freely;
*upholding freedom of the media, association and assembly;
*ensuring equitable media access to all candidates;
*ensuring that legislation regulating media, including the Internet,
conforms to OSCE standards;
*ensuring that independent journalists are not threatened, beaten, fired,
harassed or killed;
*conducting full and transparent investigations of any media freedom
transgressions (including prior murders of journalists such as Heorhiy
Gongadze) and holding the perpetrators accountable;
*ceasing interference with independent media outlets through the use of
temniks and harassment via tax audits, license revocations and libel suits;
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
Obersteinergasse 11 Telephone Fax press@usosce.at
Vienna, Austria A - 1190 +43-1-313-39 ext. 3201 +43-1-368-6385
http://osce.usmission.gov [Thanks to Orest Deychakiwsky for distributing
this information.] (END) (ARTUIS)
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UKRAINE REPORT 2003, No. 108: ARTICLE NUMBER FIVE
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5. EBRD SIGNS FIRST DEAL IN PAPER SECTOR IN UKRAINE
UNIAN, Kyiv, Ukraine, Thursday, November 27, 2003
Kyiv. November 27. UNIAN. Rubizhansky Cardboard and Packaging Mill,
Ukraine's leading producer of corrugated packaging, is borrowing $14 million
from the EBRD to modernise and expand its paper and corrugated packaging
plant in the eastern Ukraine town of Rubizhne and to expand its new
packaging plant near Kiev. The modernisation project will improve the energy
efficiency of the plants and expand the company's waste-paper collection and
processing network, according to a press-release sent to UNIAN.
Rubizhansky, a partnership of Ukraine's Rubipak and the UK-registered DS
Smith group, is a technological leader in its sector, holding an
international ISO 9001 quality certificate. The company uses its own paper
production, corrugation and conversion to produce packaging for
transportation and display of a wide range of consumer and industrial goods.
With a 1,153-strong workforce, Rubizhansky is one of the principal employers
in the Rubizhne region, and generates about 20 per cent of local tax
revenues.
Olivier Descamps, EBRD Business Group Director for Ukraine and South East
Europe, said that through this deal EBRD not only promotes competition in
one of the most dynamic sectors in the Ukrainian economy, growing at over 15
per cent a year, but also helps to address regional development issues.
Rubizhansky Cardboard and Packaging Mill is a good example of the successful
development of a Ukrainian company with foreign strategic investors, he
added. The EBRD financing should help the company maintain its leading
position in the corrugated packaging market in Ukraine and increase its
potential to serve the growing needs of customers across Ukraine and other
CIS countries.
Across central and eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent
States, the EBRD has now signed 12 transactions in the pulp and paper sector
with a cumulative commitment exceeding ?240 million. (END) (ARTUIS)
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UKRAINE REPORT 2003, No. 108: ARTICLE NUMBER SIX
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6. UKRAINE'S NEW AMBASSADOR TO U.S. MYKHAILO REZNYK
MEETS WITH U.S. SECRETARY OF STATE COLIN POWELL
UNIAN, Kyiv, Ukraine, Thursday, November 27, 2003
Kyiv. November 27. UNIAN. Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
of Ukraine to the United States of America Mykhailo Reznyk has handed over
the copies of his credentials to State Secretary of U.S. Colin Powell.
As the press-service of the Ukrainian MFA has reported to UNIAN, M.Reznyk
has given Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma's regards to C.Powell and his
wishing of peace and prosperity to the American people.
Expressing his assurance that Ukraine and U.S. has come to XXI century as
the close friends and partners, M.Reznyk has underscored that the both
countries could create a reliable mechanism of strategic partnership. One of
the examples of such strategic partnership is a collaboration of Ukraine and
U.S. in stabilization of Iraq. At the same time, the Ambassador of Ukraine
has expressed his hope that the Ukrainian-American collaboration will
develop in the nearest future, first of all in the sphere of economic and
trade.
In his turn U.S. state secretary has pointed out that the Ukrainian-American
relations develop in the positive direction after overcoming of some
problems. C.Powell has underscored that his country highly appreciates the
contribution of Ukraine in stabilization of a situation in the post-war
Iraq. Besides, C.Powell has underscored the readiness of the U.S. to
collaborate with Ukraine on the wide circle of questions. (END) (ARTUIS)
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UKRAINE REPORT 2003, No. 108: ARTICLE NUMBER SEVEN
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7. OPPOSITION FACTIONS IN UKRAINE RALLY IN KYIV
By Vlad Lavrov, www.ArtUkraine.com Information Service (ARTUIS)
Kyiv, Ukraine, Thursday, November 27, 2003
KYIV..........On Thursday, November 27, 2003, the day when the Parliament of
Ukraine (Verkhovna Rada) was scheduled to vote for the 2004 budget, the
three opposition factions of the Rada (the Viktor Yushchenko Bloc "Nasha
Ukrayina", the Socialist Party of Ukraine, and the Yuliya Tymoshenko Bloc)
organized the rally in front of the parliament to protest the decrease of
the minimum wage from UAH 237 (app.. $44) to UAH 205 ($38) that is planned
in the budget draft proposed by the government.
According to the Law of Ukraine on Setting Up the Minimum Wage Size for Year
2003 (372-15) from the June 6, 2003 the minimum wage should amount to UAH
237 beginning December 1, 2003.
Simultaneously with the opposition rally of around 5,000 people, there took
place a pro-government rally of about 1,500 coal miners from the Donetsk
region calling on the deputies to approve the budget proposed by the
government of Viktor Yanukovych (formerly a Head of the Donetsk Region State
Administration). No clashes between the two groups were reported, and some
of the coal miners were seen to join the opposition rally.
In the "Address of the United Opposition On the Anti-People Actions of the
Government" that was distributed at the rally leaders of the three
opposition factions Viktor Yushchenko, Oleksandr Moroz, and Yuliya
Tymoshenko claimed that the reason for the proposed in the budget decrease
of the minimum wage size was to make additional financing available for the
election campaign in favor of a candidate representing the party of power.
Another cause for alarm among the opposition groups was the proposal in the
budget to increase the financing of the power structures by 50% which
according to Yuliya Tymoshenko is done to ensure their complete loyalty and
readiness to protect the regime during the presidential elections of 2004.
Many of the speakers addressing the crowd which also included Viktor
Yushchenko, Oleksandr Moroz, Petro Symonenko and others cited the recent
events in Georgia where the united opposition have forced the President
Shevardnadze to resign as the example that Ukraine should follow in the
upcoming elections, and called for the mass protests against the regime.
They also called upon the coal miners from Donetsk to realize that they are
being used to downplay the opposition protests against the
government-proposed budget.
According to Oleksandr Moroz, the coal miners have been led into serving the
interests of the gang that is ruling the country and is now trying to hide
behind their backs.
At the end of the rally, the crowd of protesters moved from the Verkhovna
Rada down the Hrushevskoho street to the Cabinet of Ministers where people
laid pumpkins on the pavement in front of the building. Many of the pumpkins
were personally addressed to Kuchma and Yanukovych.
According to a Ukrainian custom, giving someone a pumpkin means rejection
and was done by girls who wanted to turn down a proposal. (END)(ARTUIS)
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UKRAINE REPORT 2003, No. 108: ARTICLE NUMBER EIGHT
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8. UKRAINE, POLAND SIGN DEAL ON ODESSA-BRODY
PIPELINE INTEGRATION IN BRUSSELS
Interfax-Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Thursday, November 27, 2003
Kyiv. (Interfax-Ukraine) - Ukraine and Poland signed an intergovernmental
agreement in Brussels on Wednesday about the use of the Odessa-Brody
pipeline and its integration with Polish capacity, the Ukrainian government
told Interfax on Thursday.
Ukrainian Deputy Prime Minister Vitaly Gaiduk and Polish Deputy Prime
Minister Marek Pol signed the agreement.
The two deputy prime ministers and EC Vice President Loyola de Palacio
approved plans to build a section of pipeline to the Polish city Plotsk, and
the creation on the basis of this oil pipeline of a Eurasian oil transport
corridor for the transportation of Caspian oil to Europe.
The first phase of the Odessa-Brody oil transport system was launched in May
2002. It has a capacity of 9 million - 14.5 million tonnes of oil per annum
and a reservoir capacity of 200,000 cubic meters. The Yuzhny terminal is
capable of handling tankers with deadweight of up to 100,000 tonnes. It is
planned to expand the capacity of the pipeline to 40 million - 45 million
tonnes per annum and to increase the reservoir capacity to 600,000 cubic
meters.
Ukraine has been discussing the options for the use of the oil pipeline for
several months: transporting Caspian oil to Europe or Russian oil to the
Black Sea coast. The government plans to make a decision on this in
mid-January. (END) (ARTUIS)
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UKRAINE REPORT 2003, No. 108: ARTICLE NUMBER NINE
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9. SURVIVING THE HORROR
People ate anything they could find, just to stay alive
Victims Honored This Weekend In Winnipeg
By Carol Sanders, Winnipeg Free Press Online Edition
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Thursday, November 27th, 2003
LUBA Perehinec ate wood chips, straw and grass. A woman in her
neighbourhood ate the flesh of her children who'd starved to death.
"To describe it is impossible," said the 77-year-old.
But yesterday, for the first time in public, she painted a picture of the
horrors she and up to 10 million others faced in Ukraine during the 1932-33
famine/genocide orchestrated by communist dictator Joseph Stalin.
Perehinec and three other survivors of the Holodomor, as it is called in
Ukrainian, met in the basement of St. Mary the Protectress Cathedral in
Winnipeg's north end to talk about their experiences 70 years after the
manmade famine.
While parishioners in the kitchen down the hall prepared Ukrainian dishes
for sale to help support the church, the four survivors of the famine
ploughed through decades of pain to share their stories.
Perehinec was one of six daughters living in Blimaka, in the southern part
of Ukraine known as the breadbasket of Europe for its fertile soil and
abundant harvests.
Her father lost his land with the collectivization of private farms and was
forced to work on one of the state-owned operations.
After hiding some of the collective's grain in his boots to take home to his
wife and six kids, he was caught and imprisoned. The authorities took away
everything except their house and a cow. That cow saved their lives, she
said.
"We milked that cow every half hour," said Perehinec, who was seven at the
time. At night, they took the cow in the house so no one would steal it.
Famine changes people, she said. "You're existing, not living."
In the case of Ukraine in 1932-33, neither drought nor an act of God were to
blame for the famine.
Stalin took over the privately owned farms, built grain elevators in the
Black Sea port of Odessa and rail lines to carry the grain produced in
southern Ukraine. While farmers lost their land and were starved, grain
produced on the collectives was exported by Stalin to help finance the
regime.
At the same time, he was trying to destroy the Ukrainian national identity
by starving one-quarter of its people. Communist "agents" went door to door
in the agricultural areas taking land, livestock, equipment, produce and
seed.
Those who rebelled or tried to hide food were labelled enemies of the state
and executed or sent to Siberian forced-labour camps, called gulags.
Reports of the man-made famine leaked out to the rest of the world, but were
dismissed by New York Times' Moscow correspondent Walter Duranty. In the
1930s, he wrote there was no famine in Ukraine, and won a Pulitzer prize for
journalism. His reports were discredited by historians years later who
called him an apologist for Stalin, and a campaign was launched to have his
Pulitzer taken away. Earlier this week, the Pulitzer organization
acknowledged Duranty's stories were false but refused to posthumously strip
him of his award.
Perehinec said she feels the genocide she witnessed in Ukraine has largely
been ignored, and that motivates her to dredge up the bad memories.
"We were swollen, weak and tired," she said. "We didn't care. We were numb."
A next-door neighbour couldn't feed both her ailing mother and young son, so
she walled off the portion of the house her mother was living in and fed
only her little boy, she said.
"It taught me the value of a person, the value of your life. You live day to
day thanking God you have enough food," said Perehinec.
Eugenie Kanchir was seven years old in 1932 when her mother was sent to work
on a collective farm and her father was sent to jail in Siberia. She was
left alone in the village of Klalnchuk with her two sisters, aged 10 and
five. They were left to fend for themselves in a house that had been
stripped bared of everything including bedding, she said.
"We almost froze," said Kanchir. "We started to swell up and had nothing to
eat." But their will to survive was stronger than their hunger.
"We would cover up with straw and sleep like that -- like the pigs," Kanchir
said unapologetically.
"One time we went to look outside and we found a nest. The (chicks) were
still alive." They boiled water and cooked the chicks then ate them. "We ate
mice, rats and porcupines. We'd eat everything they found."
"As Christians we should forgive," said Anna Shewel, 78. "But it's very hard
to forget. Everybody was short of food," she said recalling the hunger and
despair in her village of Bereza. "The hardest was winter."
Her mother used dried leaves to make a kind of flour for pancakes. "That's
how we survived."
Her saddest memory of the famine is when she was eight years old and seeing
her grandfather for the last time. "His legs were swollen and he was close
to death." Shewel said, crying. "It's not easy to talk about it."
Anastasia Mylnycky and her siblings lived with her grandparents in the
village of Shpola because her father had passed away and her mother had to
work.
Her grandmother had hidden kernels of wheat and corn in the insulation of
their attic. It was Mylnycky's job to climb into the attic once a day to
collect a small cup of grain her grandmother used as a base for soup.
"She put everything she could find outside in it. She'd give it to me twice
a day. She'd make tea from cherry tree branches and told us to drink as much
as we could. We were very weak... but we pulled through," she said.
"How many old people and children were dying! They were sometimes sitting by
the fence and they'd fall asleep and they died."
Mylnycky's sister died, and so did her mother.
All four of the women survived the famine but it wasn't long before they and
all the other able-bodied young people were rounded up by the Nazis in 1942
and taken to work camps and factories in Germany.
But even that wasn't enough to break their spirits.
"Hard times teach people... Anyone who doesn't go through hardship wouldn't
appreciate life," said Perehinec. (END) (ARTUIS)
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VICTIMS HONOURED
This weekend, a symposium on the 1932-33 famine/genocide in Ukraine is being
held by the Ukrainian Canadian Congress and the Metropolitan Ilarian Centre
for Orthodox studies at St. Mary the Protectress Cathedral in Winnipeg.
Here's the itinerary:
FRIDAY, Nov. 28
6 p.m. -- commemorative service for the victims.
6:45 p.m. -- official opening.
7 p.m. -- Prof. J. Shapoval from Kyiv presents a historical perspective (in
Ukrainian).
SATURDAY, Nov. 29
12 p.m. -- Commemorative service in front of the famine monument at
Winnipeg's city hall.
1:30 p.m. -- Lubomyr Luciuk, director of research for the Ukrainian
Canadian Civil Liberties Union, offers a glimpse into the past and issues an
invitation to today's youth.
5 p.m. -- Vespers service.
6 p.m. -- Public acknowledgment of the famine.
6:30 p.m. -- Senator Raynell Andreychuk will speak about recognition of the
famine.
7 p.m. -- Luciuk will speak about the controversy surrounding a Pulitzer
prize being granted to a New York Times journalist who denied the famine
took place.
SUNDAY, Nov. 30
10 a.m. -- Commemorative Divine Liturgy with Koshetz Choir.
11:45 a.m. -- Service for famine victims with the Synod of Bishops of the
Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada presiding.
12:30 p.m. -- A memorial luncheon with Moe Levy, executive director of the
Asper Foundation, who will speak about plans for the $200-million Canadian
Museum for Human Rights. [Thanks to Orysia Tracz of Winnipeg for sending
in this story and information.]
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UKRAINE REPORT 2003, No. 108: ARTICLE NUMBER TEN
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10. BOOKS ON UKRAINIAN CULTURAL HISTORY AND HERITAGE
BY RODOVID PRESS
www.ArtUkraine.com Information Service (ARTUIS)
Kyiv, Ukraine, Friday, November 28, 2003
KYIV.........RODOVID PRESS specializes in publications on the cultural
history and heritage of Ukraine. Included are albums, monographs,
calendars, and a special Art Series. Most of their outstanding recent
publications are in at least two languages: separate editions of Ukrainian
and English or French.
Rodovid's latest book is "Painted Wood, Naive Art from the Ukrainian
Village" by Lidia Orel, Ethnographer, Kyiv, Ukraine. This book is a
worthy continuation of the series of art albums, catalogues and scholarly
works on Ukrainian cultural history that Rodovid Press has brought out
over the past few years. This album is illustrated with lavish floral and
geometrical paintings created by untrained peasant artists for village
homes. They paint on chests, icons, window shutters, and wooden
tableware.
Decorative painting on wood is a unique feature in the history of naive
peasant art. This tradition has been documented in descriptions and in
artifacts collected in villages. Painted framed houses, hope chests,
cradles, bowls, etc., were used as everyday objects of material culture
well into the beginning of the 20th century. Icons and paintings on wood
continued to be made for a longer period of time.
Rodovid works cooperatively with authors and partners in specific projects
and are always interested in acquiring new texts. Please contact them to
discuss ideas concerning your publishing project.
For a list of RODOVID's most recent publications on Ukrainian art, please go
to the webpage www.rodovid.net/ukrainian_art_books.html.
Most of these publications are an excellent gift for Christmas. RODOVID
offers a special 10% Christmas season discount on orders over $150.
Contact information: Lidia Lykhach, Rodovid2@aol.com, www.rodovid.net
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UKRAINE REPORT 2003, No. 108: ARTICLE NUMBER ELEVEN
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11. UKRAINE APPRECIATES INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT
ON 1932-1933 FAMINE
Interfax-Ukraine news agency, Kiev, in Russian, 22 Nov 03
BBC Monitoring Service, UK, in English, Nov 22, 2003
Kiev, 22 November: Ukraine has received broad international support and
understanding regarding a tragic page in its history, the famine of 1932-33,
Foreign Minister Kostyantyn Hryshchenko has said. The famine's victims are
commemorated today.
"Ukraine has not only succeeded in drawing international attention to the
tragic events of 1932-33, but also in attaining condemnation of the crime of
the totalitarian Stalinist regime against Ukraine's people," he said.
Hryshchenko noted that several parliaments of the world expressed solidarity
with Ukraine, which was reflected in the resolutions and declarations on the
famine approved, in particular, by the Canadian Senate, the US Congress, the
Argentine Congress and the Australian Senate, Interfax-Ukraine has learnt
from the head of the Foreign Ministry's press service, Markiyan Lubkivskyy.
The famine issue has also been raised at the UN, under whose aegis the
official delegations of Ukraine, the USA, Canada, the Russian Federation and
other UN members adopted a relevant joint statement as an official document
of the UN General Assembly's 58th session.
"Commemorating the 70th anniversary of the famine, Ukraine sought not to
revenge, but, first of all, to reinvent historical truth and justice," the
minister stressed.
Hryshchenko expressed gratitude to all the foreign states that joined
Ukraine in commemorating the famine's victims.
The minister laid flowers at the monument to the famine victims in St
Michael's Square in Kiev. (END) (ARTUIS)
========================================================
UKRAINE REPORT 2003, No. 108: ARTICLE NUMBER TWELVE
========================================================
12. THE DAY'S READERS REMEMBER [HOLODOMOR 33]
Personal Stories About the Genocidal Famine of 1932-1933
The Day Weekly Digest
Kyiv, Ukraine, November 25, 2003
Ihor KOPOTIYENKO, Candidate of Science in History; Chairman, Dnipropetrovsk
Association of Researchers of the Manmade Famine and Genocide:
"The manmade famine left an indelible imprint in my mind, although I was a
six-year-old child at the time. We lived on the outskirts of Dnipropetrovsk,
and every day we saw cartloads of corpses being carried to the mass burial
ground near Sevastopol Park. At that time, there was a low-lying vale there
next to the railway station. By all accounts, the bodies brought here were
those of the people who had fled the countryside to the city in search of at
least some food. I remember mother say in a shaky voice, looking at the
carts full of dead bodies, that these were our bread-winners.
"But, in fact, people avoided speaking on this subject at the time and
later. For example, I do not remember any of my colleagues at Dnipropetrovsk
University's Department of History ever starting a conversation about the
famine - in all the years of Soviet power - although they came from the
countryside and must have witnessed those events, judging by their age. I
can recall just one instance when an acquaintance of mine was unwary enough
to mention aloud the 1933 tragedy. He was soon summoned to the KGB for a
heart-to-heart.
Later, during Gorbachev's perestroika, I worked in the archives, discovering
one vivid picture after another. For example, sifting in the archive of the
regional public health authority, I found evidence of cannibalism. A woman,
who went mad from hunger, killed and salted her own child. There were plenty
of such things. What drove those people mad were the conditions created by
the Communists. Frankly, a true history of the manmade famine is still to be
written. I am convinced it was sheer genocide. Researching the manmade
famine, I came to some broader conclusions, and now I am writing, health
permitting, a book on the historical destinies of the Ukrainian nation which
has undergone all kinds of ordeals in the course of its history."
Liksandra LAVRENIUK, born 1918, resident of village Vorobiyivka, Polonne
district, Khmelnytsky oblast:
"We were father, mother, and five children. Three kids died in '33. Father
also died of starvation. I don't even know if my dad's body was buried at
all. Little Danylko was crawling near the stove. When I was lighting the
oven, he was reaching out for the fire. 'Stop!' But he kept reaching out
because he was hungry. So he died, too.
"Brother Zakhar dug a grave for Danylko. He carried him under his arm and
buried him. Zakhar was more or less active, he still worked, but he too
collapsed in the end. He was once walking across a field of either barley or
oats or rye, and he fell and died. A woman from a neighboring village said,
'I took the shirt off him and bound his jaw because his mouth was wide open.
'
"Denys, a neighbor of ours, had been dead for two days, and there was nobody
to bury him. He was our cousin, and his three brothers also died of
starvation. Somebody came to us asked mother, 'Shall we bring Zakhar here or
bury him over there?' Well, a mother is mother. 'Bring him here,' she said.
A cart came over, they unloaded Zakhar as well as Denys. Then they dug a
hole. I don't remember who did it.
"The next day sister Hapka said, 'Mom, tomorrow I won't be able to walk and
talk. Mom, tomorrow I will die. Please go somewhere again and ask for bread.
This is the last time I ask you this.' Mom wept because she was losing her
children and must still be strong. So she says, 'Oh, Lord, who will give me
any bread when everybody is dying?' And I said, 'Stop moaning! You're going
to die tomorrow and I today.' She died that evening. My granddad also died
of hunger. Or take Maksym, a neighbor of ours, nicknamed Halaiko. He caught
a frog in the river and sank his teeth into it, still alive. The frog was
bleeding like hell, but he ate it. Then he came to the hospital and asked,
'Give me a glass of milk and some bread, I am sure to survive...' But he
died..."
For reference. As The Day was told by Dr. Petro Yashchuk from Polonne,
Khmelnytsky oblast, who polled 360 survivors of that tragedy, the 1932-1933
famine claimed 15,000 lives, a fourth of the district's population. Mr.
Yashchuk added, "4,500 Polonne district residents were killed during the
Second World War and another 7,500 fell victim to Stalinist repression."
Halyna MIROSHNYCHENKO, pensioner:
"I was twelve in 1932. I spent four hours a day at a vocational school
classes and another four hours working at a public cafeteria. Then I was
transferred to a Kramatorsk factory cafeteria. This in fact saved me in
those hungry years. I was small and thin as a rake. I was weak but still had
to push around heavy caldrons. There were always leftovers in the
dining-room, such as cereals or soup. Besides, I was entitled to a kilogram
of rationed bread. I several times smuggled the bread out to sell it at a
marketplace, but each time I had it taken away. Bread was then worth more
than money, you could even be murdered for it. People starved to death.
My mother abandoned me, and I lived at an orphanage for a few years. Once
somebody gave me my mother's new address. After the dispossession of the
kulaks, she and her new family, including children, moved to some other
village. I went there. I came into the room and saw mother with terribly
swollen feet and legs. It pained her to stand up. Her two grownup sons and
husband lay motionless on a bench, recovering strength. Another son had
already died by the time.
Mother made a great effort to crawl out of the house, pluck some nettles,
and cook gruel out of it. I brought in some bread. Once they saw it, they
shivered, speechless, reaching out their hands. Mother began to slice the
bread. For if you eat up a big morsel after starvation, you can even die.
But the men crazily rushed to wrest the bread out of her hands. They said
later I had saved them with that bread. We survived that famine. But then
came the war followed by another famine in 1947."
Nonna KOPERZHYNSKA, Ivan Franko Theater actress. Reminiscences
about her were published by the newspaper Donbas on May 3, 2003:
"Nonna Koperzhynska's father was sent to work in the Donbas in the early
1930s. The Donbas lived through the 1933 famine a bit easier than the rest
of Ukraine. This industrial region was supplied with rationed food.
Koperzhynska recalled many years later that her mother would pierce a tiny
hole in a ration can and, for want of oil, drip the gravy onto the frying
pan. Sometimes local residents helped, bringing dried fish and some roots...
Little Nonna once saw a handful of apricot stones, crushed them and ate the
kernels... She was poisoned so bad that doctors had to make an all-out
effort to save her life. But, in spite of the sweeping famine, Nonna was
unable to understand the sheer horror of the calamity that fell down on the
country; she saw hundreds of refugees from other regions of Ukraine and
Russia, who begged for any kind of food."
Incidentally. As of today, there are three monuments to victims of the
manmade famine and political repression in Luhansk oblast: in Novoaidar and
Svatove districts as well as in Luhansk itself. The Luhansk Oblast State
Archives continue to collect documents for the book Archival Research in
Luhansk Region. Special attention is being paid to the documents that were
previously hidden, including those relating to the 1932-1933 manmade famine.
Although Donbas suffered from the famine to a lesser extent than Ukraine's
other regions, historians still claim the mortality rate here was 3-4 times
the usual level.
On November 22, a requiem rally was held in Luhansk dedicated to victims of
the manmade famine.
Vasyl NESTERENKO, pensioner:
"I was just a boy at the time, but I remember very well that there was
famine in our village. We ate everything and even tried to cook father's
leather boots. Do you know what saved me? My favorite dog - big and
red-colored. When dog and cat catchers came to our village, I hid him in a
barn for a long time, telling everybody that he had run away. Then I got
sick. Mother eventually found the dog in the barn. She fed me with meat, but
I didn't know whose it was. Later I came across some hide and understood
everything. I cried. No wonder - I hadn't yet turned ten. The fact that
people were dying of famine in the neighboring houses didn't seem so
terrible. But the soup made of Old Red left a lasting impression. It still
chokes my throat."
Ivan YAMKOVYI, doctor, born in the village of Bilylivka (now Ruzhyn
district, Zhytomyr oblast, a chernozem black-soil area) and now dead, was a
friend of Mykola Biloshytsky, father of my, Valery Kostiukevych's, wife,
wrote in the book Genocide in 1999 in Zhytomyr and based on archival
documents and accounts of the 1932- 1933 manmade famine:
"A terrible famine also swept over Bilylivka. I was preceded by considerable
preparatory work: first, the peasants were stripped to the bone via
collectivization and dispossession of what they had earned over many years;
secondly, special squads were formed to seize food from the peasants. These
brigades, headed by so-called plenipotentiaries, consisted of village
activists and all kinds of scum. They would go from house to house, make
searches, prowl around the yards, barns, sheds and attics.
"They would probe the ground with sharp prods in search of grain and
foodstuffs. They would scoop everything out of the cellars, including the
chaff with some remnants of grain. People hid bags with grain behind icons
and in oven pots, but the experienced rascals from those brigades would find
them even there. Vasylko Yamkovyi's father, nicknamed Pohorily, spilled a
few glassfuls of rye into the boy's pants and sat him on the couch. One of
the activists, Likarchuk, found this stock, pulled the boy's pants down and
shook the grain loose.
"By the spring of 1933 our village wash fully in the famine's grip. People
began to die - first the children, then the old, and then all the rest. As
soon as the snow melted, people began to dig up their vegetable gardens,
hoping to find at least a few rotten potatoes, and to pick goose root and
sorrel. They began eating dogs, cats, and even rats, and looking for
mollusks in the rivers Rastavytsia and Sytna.
"As time went by, more and more people got swollen. People looked silent and
gloomy, they were trying to avoid seeing and, moreover, speaking to even
their kinsmen, they were indifferent even to the dead. Whoever starved knows
this horrible sensation when your are haunted by the only thought of putting
something you can eat in your mouth. In this situation, the human body
usually draws hundreds of defensive forces from its energy reserves, but
there were none of them left then.
"The Kostiuk family had been deported to Siberia as kulaks, but their four
children managed to stay behind in Bilylivka with their grandmother. They
would go to the forest to collect ants. The latter were then put in a tight
little bag and cooked to make soup.
"Cockleshells were a great delicacy. We would pick them in the river, make a
bonfire, and bake them, but we ran out of them very soon, too. The terrible
famine affected one way or another almost all the households. All the
Kostiuk children suffered from tuberculosis. Two of them died.
"Bilylivka old-timers Fedora Kotelianets and the late Andriy Kyriy polled
the local people to find out how many lives the manmade famine claimed on
just two streets - Khursivka and Sloboda - of the village. The results made
one's hair stand on end: on these two streets alone, the famine took the
toll of 136 people, completely wiping out 19 households. And there were more
than ten such streets in the village. The families of M. Smolsky and H.
Zulykha lost 5 and 7 people, respectively. Completely extinct were the
families of K. Tkachuk (5), L. Kvasha (6), P. Kyrylyshyn (5), M. Kozina (4
males), and Yamkovyi {not Yamkovyi's father} (5).
"Thus, in 1933 alone the famine claimed 850-900 human lives, a fourth of the
village's population. Each street had a vehicle to evacuate corpses. The
driver was rewarded for this work with 400 grams of bread. All were buried
at the cemetery in a large mass grave. Many times there were people still
alive among those brought in.
"You can well imagine the mental and physical condition of the parents whose
children die one by one, asking for something to eat. The undernourished and
swollen mothers were short of milk: when a mother died, so did the infant,
often still in the womb. Hryhory Kotelianets lost five children, only one
boy, Ivan, remained alive. He grew up and worked at the collective farm as a
truck driver, building what was trumpeted as the happy life - socialism and
communism - for their fellow countrymen. Many people could not bear such
sufferings and went crazy. The deserted houses and estates were given to the
homeless. Yet, it was not so easy to pay the tax on this estate."
P. M. ANDRIUNKIN, teacher, born 1913 (quoted from the Cossack newspaper
Stanytsa, No. 34):
"It was announced that a counterrevolutionary plot was being hatched in our
village Novoderevyanivska, so we were blacklisted. The Yeisk Regiment was
alerted: they cordoned off the whole village: no way in, no way out. All the
grain - wheat and corn without anything left - was taken out of the field
and heaped on the threshing-room floor. It later rotted down on the ground.
Soldiers kept door-stepping and forcing everybody to go to work in what he
or she was wearing. They didn't even allow them to put on proper clothes.
Meanwhile, a special commission of activists cleared yards of all foodstuffs
they could find, including squashes, beets and even the wheat from the
glasses in which candles stood. They would even pour oil out of icon lamps,
take out and break jam and pickle jars, leaving all this to freeze on the
ground. They would even rob us of the small sacks of peas and beans that we
stored for the spring sowing campaign.
"And God forbid they found some old photographs of Cossacks - they would
immediately put this person away, saying: oh, you are looking forward for
the Cossack atamans to come back, you don't like Soviet power! So our granny
took all the family photos out of the trunk and buried them someplace in the
garden. Then she died of hunger. Other old people told their kin to bury
them with precious photos on their chests... People died like flies. A team
collected corpses, laying them - shrouded in a coarse cloth or just like
that - in a big hole and putting a layer of earth over them. Some buried
their kin right in the yard.
"I taught at the Otradovka school. I applied to the North Caucasus NKVD
chief, who had just come from Rostov, for a pass to my native Cossack
village - I wanted to take my mother out. He grudgingly agreed because it
was not allowed by regulations. The pass was valid for both exit and entry.
While I was en route, the pass was checked so many times. Besides, here in
the village, our locals cry out on every street corner, 'Pass!' Just fancy:
I know him, he knows me but still shouts! So I flipped him the finger and,
while he is about to whip out the pistol, I shoved the pass under his nose.
'How dare you, you snake in the grass, demand a pass from me?' I said. Later
on, after the famine and even after the war, when I came back, I saw those
types again.... 'What did you, scum, do at the time?' 'We were forced to...'
'Who forced you? You curried favor, you bastards!' Out of the original
20,000, fewer than 8000 survived in my village. Still, no counterrevolution
was found."
INCIDENTALLY
A rally to honor the memory of victims of the manmade famine and political
repression was held in Donetsk at Rutchenkivske Field. The venue was chosen
deliberately: it is here that archeologists unearthed a gigantic burial
ground in the late 1980s. Different estimates say that this place hides the
remains of about 10,000 people who died during the manmade famine. Perhaps
the corpses were brought here not only from Donetsk oblast but also from all
over Ukraine. Moreover, the grave also contained the victims of political
repression, who were shot en masse in the 1930s. The remains of adults
mingled with those of children. The rally gathered the people who survived
the events of those terrible years.
Activists has so far reburied only about two hundred. A commemorative stone
was put at the place where the mass grave once was. "The authorities think
it their duty to put the place in order and erect a monument. This should
never happen again on our Ukrainian soil," Donetsk Mayor Oleksandr
Lukyanchenko told the rally.
Mykola HORDIYENKO, Candidate of Sciences in Philosophy, instructor at
Ukraine University (Dnipropetrovsk):
"Although I was born after the war, I in fact grew up, listening to the
stories of how the 1933 manmade famine affected our family. My mother was
twenty at the time, and she had already had my elder sister. Father worked
at a Pavlohrad construction project, receiving rationed food, which helped
our family to survive. At the same time, half the residents of our village
of Bohuslav starved to death. As my mother told me, malnourished people
would get swollen and fall down right on the street. The dead were picked up
by Communist Youth League (Komsomol) squads. In some cases, to spare
themselves extra effort, they would take people still alive to the cemetery
also to be buried in mass graves.
"These graves, as a rule, bore no crosses and in time grew over with grass
and got lost. Besides, the war that broke out eight years later and brought
new woes, famines and mass death must have pushed the 1933 manmade famine in
some way to the background of people's memory, Yet, they could never forget
that cataclysm. In addition to claiming the lives of many of our kin, the
manmade famine echoed in our family in the 1960s, when I traced my cousins
who had been lost after their mother's death in 1933.
"I find it hard to explain why the manmade famine was passed over in silence
for so many years. It would be perhaps wrong to put this down exclusively to
fear of reprisals. Quite possibly the famine had a certain dramatic impact
on the mass psyche. For example, war veterans are also taciturn and do not
like recollecting people's sufferings and deaths. In any case, a true study
of the manmade famine, the greatest ordeal the Ukrainian people went
through, is still to be written." (END) (ARTUIS)
=========================================================
. "UKRAINE REPORT 2003," No. 108: FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 2003
TWELVE ARTICLES
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