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WHO POISONED YUSHCHENKO?
Doctors at the Austrian clinic that treated Ukraine's opposition
leader confirm there was a plot to kill him
"THE ACTION UKRAINE REPORT" Year 04, Number 252 The Action Ukraine Coalition (AUC), Washington, D.C.
Ukrainian Federation of America (UFA), Huntingdon Valley, PA morganw@patriot.net, ArtUkraine.com@starpower.net (ARTUIS) Washington, D.C., Kyiv, Ukraine, TUESDAY, December 7, 2004
-----INDEX OF ARTICLES-----
"Major International News Headlines and Articles"
1. WHO POISONED YUSHCHENKO?
Doctors at the Austrian clinic that treated Ukraine's opposition
leader confirm there was a plot to kill him
>From Jeremy Page in Kiev
TimesOnLine, London, UK, Wednesday, Dec. 8, 2004
2. YUSHCHENKO'S ILLNESS PUZZLES DOCTORS
By Elisabeth Rosenthal, International Herald Tribune (IHT) Europe, Saturday, December 4, 2004
3. CANDIDATE'S U.S.-BORN WIFE FIGHTS FOR UKRAINE
Kateryna Chumachenko Yushchenko By Russell Working, Tribune staff reporter Chicago Tribune, Chicago, Illinois, Sun, December 5, 2004 ========================================================
ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-04, No. 252: ARTICLE NUMBER ONE ========================================================
1. WHO POISONED YUSHCHENKO?
Doctors at the Austrian clinic that treated Ukraine's opposition
leader confirm there was a plot to kill him
>From Jeremy Page in Kiev
TimesOnLine, London, UK, Wed, Dec. 8, 2004
KIEV - MEDICAL experts have confirmed that Viktor Yushchenko, Ukraine's opposition leader, was poisoned in an attempt on his life during election campaigning, the doctor who supervised his treatment at an Austrian clinic said yesterday.
Doctors at Vienna's exclusive Rudolfinerhaus clinic are within days of identifying the substance that left Mr Yushchenko's face disfigured with cysts and lesions, Nikolai Korpan told The Times in a telephone interview.
Specialists in Britain, the United States and France had helped to establish that it was a biological agent, a chemical agent or, most likely, a rare poison that struck him down in the run-up to the presidential election, he said. Doctors needed to examine Mr Yushchenko again at the clinic in Vienna to confirm their diagnosis but were in no doubt that the substance was administered deliberately, he said.
"This is no longer a question for discussion," Dr Korpan said. "We are now sure that we can confirm which substance caused this illness. He received this substance from other people who had a specific aim."
Asked if the aim had been to kill him, Dr Korpan said: "Yes, of course."
Proof that Mr Yushchenko was deliberately poisoned would be a devastating blow for his rival, the Prime Minister, Viktor Yanukovych, as the two candidates prepare for a repeat of a presidential run-off on December 26.
It would raise questions about whether the poisoning was ordered by Mr Yanukovych, his allies, or even the Kremlin, which fears that Mr Yushchenko will take Ukraine out of its sphere of influence by joining Nato and the EU.
Mr Yushchenko had said recently that he would soon reveal proof that his opponents had tried to assassinate him, but a spokeswoman said he had no plans to travel to Vienna.
Mr Yushchenko fell ill on September 6 and was rushed to Rudolfinerhaus four days later with severe abdominal pain and lesions on his face and trunk. His liver, pancreas and intestines were swollen and his digestive tract covered in ulcers, but doctors could not explain the symptoms. Against their advice he went back on the campaign trail after a week, but returned to the clinic two weeks later with back pain.
Again he returned to campaigning, with his face half paralysed and a catheter inserted in his back so that doctors - still baffled - could inject painkillers into his spinal column.
Rudolfinerhaus doctors had previously said that they did not have medical evidence to back up or rule out deliberate poisoning.
Mr Yanukovych's supporters ridiculed the opposition, saying the illness was probably caused by bad sushi, too much cognac or a severe case of herpes. A parliamentary investigation found no evidence of poisoning.
But Dr Korpan said that toxicologists and other experts at laboratories in Britain, the US and France had since examined Mr Yushchenko's blood samples and medical records. "We will reveal the results in the near future and confirm the cause of this mysterious illness," he said. "We need to check him again here in Vienna. If we received him today, we could finish the whole investigation in two or three days."
He declined to say exactly what the substance might have been, or where it might have come from. "Maybe it was administered through injection, maybe in water, maybe through eating, but the way to give it to him is very simple. This substance can be given very precisely - to only one person," he said.
John Henry, a prominent British toxicologist, has suggested that Mr Yushchenko's symptoms were consistent with dioxin poisoning, which causes a severe form of acne called chloracne. Doctors at Rudolfinerhaus did not initially test Mr Yushchenko for dioxin, in part because his skin changes were not as severe as they are now. He also refused a biopsy of his face because he did not want to campaign with stitches. Other doctors have suggested that Mr Yushchenko may have been struck down by a rare illness.
Dr Korpan said that Mr Yushchenko should be able to make a full recovery but needed to get back to the clinic. "We are waiting to check him as soon as possible and then we can say what he needs."
He said Mr Yushchenko was no longer having injections, but was taking a combination of vitamins and medicine to boost his immune system.
The offices of Leonid Kuchma, the outgoing President, and Mr Yanukovych did not comment on Dr Korpan's disclosure.
But Viktor Pinchuk, Mr Kuchma's billionaire son-in-law, said in a recent interview he did not believe that there was evidence that Mr Yushchenko was poisoned.
"I believe he is sure it was poisoning. He's not a liar. But some people from his camp created this provocation against him, his image, the government and the country," he said. -30
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LINK: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3-1393172,00.html
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ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-04, No.252: ARTICLE NUMBER TWO ========================================================
2. YUSHCHENKO'S ILLNESS PUZZLES DOCTORS
By Elisabeth Rosenthal, International Herald Tribune (IHT) Europe, Saturday, December 4, 2004
VIENNA - When the once-strapping, telegenic man was wheeled in through the sliding glass doors of the plush Rudolfinerhaus Hospital in early September, he was suddenly and severely ill, conscious but groggy and complaining of terrible abdominal pain. Multiple blood tests were abnormal, doctors here say, his skin was covered with odd-looking lesions and his digestive tract was dotted with ulcers from top to bottom.
.
Europe's most illustrious doctors were stumped; the patient's many symptoms defied a unifying diagnosis. Eight days later, Viktor Yushchenko, Ukraine's opposition leader, checked out against doctors' advice, determined to return to the business of winning the November election in Ukraine.
.
But in just two weeks he was again at Rudolfinerhaus, crippled by a new and even more elusive problem: back pain so excruciating it took huge doses of morphine to control and almost necessitated that he be put on a ventilator.
Once again, a week of testing found no medical explanation.
.
Yushchenko and his doctors agreed upon a risky plan: doctors threaded a small tube through the skin of his upper back, into his spinal canal, so that the patient could campaign, while receiving constant pain-killing medication.
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And so it was that Yushchenko flew back to Kiev with a catheter lodged in his back, escorted by a team of Austria's most elite doctors. He campaigned with the tube in place for a week, attending several large rallies, according to his press secretary, Irina Gerashchenko.
.
"I went with him because I had serious security concerns and I wanted to make sure he was handled properly," said Dr. Michael Zimpfer, medical director at the Vienna hospital, who supervised the case. Indeed, the doctors had become increasingly suspicious that foul play, particularly an unusual poisoning, could be the cause of their patient's problems, a charge that Gerashchenko repeated.
.
In interviews this week, the Austrian doctors were quick to stress that scientifically they cannot say that the candidate was poisoned. Tests for common toxins have been negative. But the medical team was so concerned about the possible presence of an unconventional agent that they consulted biological and chemical weapons experts.
.
"A poisoning without the poison is like a murder without a gun," Zimpfer said. "But if someone said to me, 'Look what we found!' I wouldn't be at all surprised.
"In this case, absence of evidence is not evidence of absence." He
continued: "As I've said to the family: If this is a poisoning, it's going to be very tricky and tough to discover. They are not going to use some regular household agent."
.
Gerashchenko said Yushchenko considered some aspects of his health a private matter, but added that he was continuing to receive treatment from Ukrainian doctors. "He feels much better than he did two months ago, but he's far from ideal," she said.
.
New details of Yushchenko's hospital admissions in Vienna raise disturbing
questions: Was the candidate poisoned or infected with some biological agent and, if so, with what? What is his current state of health, in the middle of a high-stakes tussle for power that has pitted the West against Russia?
.
In September, Yushchenko immediately charged that he was poisoned, but that charge was lost among the heated political debates and demonstrations in the final weeks of the campaign, which culminated in the disputed election.
.
"Look at my face. Note my articulation. This is one-hundredth of the problems that I've had," Yushchenko told the Ukrainian Parliament on Sept.21, after his first stint in the Vienna hospital. "This is not a problem of political cuisine as such. We are talking about the Ukrainian political kitchen where assassinations are ordered."
.
Opponents dismissively suggested that the cause of Yushchenko's hospitalization was bad sushi or too much alcohol, although doctors here said there was no evidence of that. But some doctors point out that it is still conceivable that Yushchenko had the bad luck to develop a rare illness, difficult to diagnose, at the height of the campaign.
.
The issue of Yushchenko's medical state has persisted because of the obvious disfigurement and discoloration of his face, which is swollen and pocked with large bumps and cysts, and is a dusky, grayish color. The left eye is bloodshot and sometimes tears.
.
Last week a prominent British toxicologist, Dr. John Henry, suggested that Yushchenko's symptoms were consistent with dioxin poisoning, which causes a severe form of acne called chloracne. This condition occurs months to years after exposure, when the body seeks to eliminate residual chemical through the skin. But cases of dioxin poisoning are extremely rare. Scientists debate whether a huge one-time dose could be delivered as a poison.
.
Doctors at Rudolfinerhaus said they did not test Yushchenko for dioxin in part because his skin changes were much milder in September than they are now. Also, they said, the candidate refused a biopsy of his face because he did not want to campaign with stitches. But dioxin and related toxins are detectable in the body years after exposure. Gerashchenko said such tests had still not been performed.
.
Oddly, the only recently reported cases of dioxin poisoning were also seen in Vienna, in 1998, when two secretaries at an Austrian textile plant arrived at the University of Vienna with severe facial disfiguration like Yushchenko's - as well as nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain.
.
Although a criminal investigation was started, it remained unclear whether the two had been poisoned or somehow exposed through their work, according to a 2001 report by Dr. Alexandra Geusau in Environmental Health Perspectives, a medical journal.
.
Before that, hundreds of people had been exposed during the mid-1960s and 1970s, in two separate incidents in Japan and Taiwan, after dioxin contaminated bottles of cooking oil. A number of patients experienced an acne-like eruption, skin discoloration and tearing for several years after the exposure, according to Japanese accounts.
.
That being said, some doctors - who spoke on condition of anonymity because they had no direct contact with Yushchenko - said that he could still be suffering from an unusual immune disease that could cause many of the same symptoms. One, called scleromyxedema, is an extremely rare progressive disorder that produces facial symptoms much like Yushchenko's. But it is not known to produce pain.
.
Dermatologists at Rudolfinerhaus initially suggested that the facial lesions could represent a slightly unusual case of a well-known condition called rosacea, where the face becomes swollen and lumpy. But Zimpfer said Yushchenko's skin nodules no longer resembled that disease.
.
Political intrigue is not the norm at Rudolfinerhaus, an upscale private hospital that caters to wealthy Austrians and foreigners. Because of cultural ties between western Ukraine and Austria, many upscale Ukrainians come here to have babies and for other medical treatment.
.
Zimpfer, the medical chief at Rudolfinerhaus, provided extensive details of Yushchenko's hospitalizations. The candidate arrived Sept.10 at the hospital, severely ill and unable to walk, after five days of terrible abdominal pain. Initial testing showed that he had a high white cell count, as well as elevated liver and pancreas enzymes suggesting inflammation of those organs. The numbers were a cause for concern, but not specific for any one disease. His tests were negative for all the obvious possibilities, like hepatitis caused by a virus.
.
Scans showed that his liver, pancreas and intestine were, indeed, swollen, though for no clear reason. Internal examinations of the intestine using an endoscope found that he had ulcerations - essentially bleeding abrasions - of the stomach and throughout his intestine and bowel as well. Ulcers are typically not spread out in this way.
.
The doctors gave him supportive care, like intravenous fluid and a restricted food intake to rest the digestive tract. As the lab values started to head downward and he gradually recovered strength, he opted to get back to the campaign trail. Already, doctors noticed that he was developing odd lesions on his face and trunk.
.
Ten days later, the candidate returned, after three days of what he called excruciating back pain. Its source was again a mystery, since related lab tests and scans were normal.
.
The pain was so severe that doctors had to place a large-bore intravenous line into the candidate's chest and essentially nearly anesthetize him with huge doses of opiates. Because opiates depress respiratory functions, his breathing rate slowed, and the candidate was kept in a monitored unit.
Further medicine would have required that Yushchenko be placed on a respirator, Zimpfer said.
.
Yushchenko and his doctors made a difficult choice: They decided to place an epidural catheter between his shoulder blades into the membranes of the upper spine so that medicines could be delivered specifically to the nerves in the back without compromising the candidate's mental abilities. Epidural catheters are common for pain relief in childbirth, but they are far riskier when they are placed for the long term and in the upper back, closer to the brain and vital nerves.
.
Yushchenko was discharged three days later, with the retinue of doctors and cartons of medical supplies. He was still on "plenty" of medication, and a colleague of Zimpfer remained in Ukraine to carry out his medical program for several days.
.
Zimpfer said the medical team was treated politely in Kiev. "I had a number of concerns in light of how heated the situation in Ukraine was even then, and in light of the disputes between the two parties about the cause of his illness," Zimpfer said. "But after a lot of soul-searching, I decided I had to go myself. I was the captain and I could not desert the ship." [Steven Lee Myers of The New York Times reported from Kiev.] -30-
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http://www.iht.com/articles/2004/12/03/news/sick.html.
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ACTION UKRAINE REPORT-04, No.252: ARTICLE NUMBER THREE ========================================================
3. CANDIDATE'S U.S.-BORN WIFE FIGHTS FOR UKRAINE
Kateryna Chumachenko Yushchenko
By Russell Working, Tribune staff reporter Chicago Tribune, Chicago, Illinois, Sun, December 5, 2004
KIEV - As presidential candidate Viktor Yushchenko barnstormed Ukraine this fall, he was often greeted by signs that read, "American son-in-law, go home!" His opponents have circulated leaflets and posters portraying him as Uncle Sam, his wife as a CIA agent and the United States as a mosquito sucking the blood of the Eastern European nation.
The reason for the attacks was his Chicago-born wife, Kateryna Chumachenko Yushchenko. The daughter of Ukrainian immigrants, the Prospect High School graduate has found herself in the maelstrom of one of the world's most bitterly fought elections.
Hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians have taken to the streets to protest a Nov. 21 vote that many say was stolen from Viktor Yushchenko, who seeks closer ties with the West. They have been countered by protesters for Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych, who is supported by Ukraine's lame duck president and the Kremlin. Ukraine's Supreme Court overturned the election Friday and ordered a new runoff vote between the two, saying the vote was marred by "systemic and massive violations."
The ferocity of the campaign against Viktor Yushchenko and his wife has outraged his supporters. "It's very painful, very dirty," Chumachenko Yushchenko, 43, said in an interview from Kiev. "But after a while, you become used to it. I would get many, many letters from people saying, `It's become ridiculous. The more they attack you, the more we like your husband.'"
Chumachenko Yushchenko, a former White House and State Department official, has journeyed from Cook County's Ukrainian community to a marriage that could yet make her the first lady of a foreign state. If so, she would follow a path forged by Princess Grace of Monaco--formerly the American actress Grace Kelly--and Queen Noor of Jordan, born to an Arab-American family.
ELECTRICIAN'S DAUGHTER
Chumachenko Yushchenko grew up in Chicago and Mt. Prospect, the daughter of an electrician and a seamstress who gave up her job to raise her children.
Her father, Mykhailo, had been taken prisoner when he served in the Soviet Army, and he was sent to work in Germany in World War II. The Germans also forced her mother, Sofia, to labor in that country when she was 14. The two met there.
The couple came to Chicago in 1956 at the invitation of a Ukrainian Orthodox church. (They moved to Florida in the 1980s, and after his death in 1998, Mykhailo was buried, at his request, in Kiev.)
Chumachenko Yushchenko's earliest memory is of her father taking her to Humboldt Park to sniff the flowers and climb on the buffalo sculptures. She fondly remembers trips to look at the dinosaurs at the Field Museum and animals at Lincoln Park Zoo. They moved to Mt. Prospect when she was 9.
The Chumachenkos strove to keep their culture alive for their children, their daughter said. She spoke Ukrainian at home, took lessons in national dance and attended a Ukrainian school and Orthodox church. "I think our parents felt they had a responsibility to preserve that which they felt was being destroyed in the Soviet Union," she said.
After receiving a bachelor's degree from Georgetown University and a master's degree in business administration from the University of Chicago, Chumachenko Yushchenko held a series of jobs in Washington. She worked as an adviser on Eastern European ethnic affairs in the Reagan White House and in the State Department's human rights office.
When the Soviet Union began to fall apart in 1991, she cofounded the U.S.-Ukraine Foundation, a non-profit organization that facilitates democratic development and free market reform in the European country.
Chumachenko Yushchenko moved to Kiev just before Ukraine became independent. The daughter of immigrants always had her heart there, said Nadia McConnell, president of the Washington-based foundation.
Chumachenko Yushchenko was active in an organization that helps Ukrainian orphans, and she has even tried to help the scraggly mutts she noticed in Kiev, McConnell said.
'SHE HAS A BIG HEART'
"One time when I visited her, she had a whole bunch of dogs in her apartment," McConnell said. "She was picking up strays from the street, and she actually helped organize some shelters for dogs. She has a big heart."
In 1993, Chumachenko Yushchenko met Viktor Yushchenko, now 50. She was working for KPMG LLP--an international audit, tax and advisory firm--and she led a study tour that brought Ukrainian bankers to several U.S. cities, including Chicago. At the time, Viktor Yushchenko was head of the Central Bank, and he joined the trip. Unlike many Ukrainian bankers then, she said, he was well-versed in free-market economics, and he was eager to reform a system struggling to emerge from communism.
Chumachenko Yushchenko admired her future husband's broad mind and interests. He carves wood, makes ceramics and climbs mountains, and he relaxes by tending to his beehives (he owns more than a million bees), she said. Besides, she couldn't help noticing that "he was very handsome and very young for a central banker."
The relationship was professional at first, but in time, they drew close as they worked together on behalf of Ukrainian orphans. The two married in 1998, and they have three children ranging in age from 8 months to 5 years old. He has two adult children from a previous marriage.
"One of the reasons that he and I became close and fell in love is that we're both committed to the same goals," Chumachenko Yushchenko said.
"We're strong believers in God, and we strongly believe that God has a place for each one of us in this world, and that he has put us in this place for a reason."
MYSTERIOUS ILLNESS
Their commitment to Ukraine has been tested by fire in this campaign, particularly after Viktor Yushchenko fell mysteriously ill early in September. One night, he came home late from a banquet saying he felt sick and had a headache. When they kissed, his wife noticed a strange taste on his lips, something medicinal and unpleasant. "He had never taken any type of medicine," Chumachenko Yushchenko said. "I asked him what that could be. And he said, `Oh, maybe it was a little wine or cognac that I had.' I said, `No, it had much more a metallic taste to it.'"
Within days he was desperately ill, she said, and they flew to Austria for treatment. The doctors said that the illness was inconsistent with any known disease, wasn't caused by food poisoning and might have been the result of poisoning, according to the Yushchenko campaign. The doctors said he probably would have died if he had gotten there any later, Chumachenko Yushchenko said.
Viktor Yushchenko was left with a blistered face and in constant pain, and he appears to have aged many years. He can't stand looking at himself in the mirror, his wife said. If he sees himself on television, he changes the channel.
Yushchenko's doctors in Kiev, the Ukrainian capital, said they had determined that "chemicals not of a food origin" triggered the illness, according to a CNN report. Austrian doctors were unable to determine whether he had been poisoned, because Yushchenko checked into the clinic days after the symptoms appeared--too late for tests that could confirm such a diagnosis.
MANY SUSPECTS
If the candidate was poisoned, there would be many suspects. Yushchenko made enemies during his time at the Central Bank by stepping up tax collection and launching a campaign against corruption, according to news reports. But Yushchenko's camp alleged he was poisoned in a bid to derail his election campaign at a time when he was ahead of his pro-Moscow rival, according to a BBC report.
The Yanukovych campaign and Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma's office--which supports Yanukovych--have said that the idea of poisoning is ludicrous. Pro-government media have blamed Yushchenko's illness on everything from spoiled food to a plot by overzealous supporters hoping to gain sympathy by poisoning their own candidate. Reached by phone in Ukraine Friday, Igor Nikityuk, spokesman for Yanukovych's Party of the Regions, declined to comment on the campaign. The press center for Kuchma also declined to comment.
Viktor Yushchenko's suffering has become a symbol, his wife said. "One time he said in the Parliament, `I could excuse myself for my face, but the face really is the face of Ukraine today, because all the poison that has been poured out on the people is similar to what has happened to me," she said.
After the illness, the family, including Yushchenko's two older children, moved from Kiev to a secluded home. They have received death threats, Chumachenko Yushchenko said, and enemies have threatened to kidnap the children, Sophia, 5; Chrystyna, 4; and Taras, 8 months.
On Friday, minutes after the Ukrainian Supreme Court ordered new elections by Dec. 26, Chumachenko Yushchenko fielded a call from a reporter. She and her husband had just learned of the victory.
A MOMENT OF JOY
"We're about to go out and announce it to half a million people," an exuberant Chumachenko Yushchenko said. As Viktor Yushchenko prepared to take the stage with his American wife, an irony lingered. Chumachenko Yushchenko has applied for Ukrainian citizenship, but "for obvious political reasons" the government has refused to process the papers, she said.
Perhaps her decision to cast her lot with Ukraine is puzzling to former Soviet citizens who would gladly immigrate to the comfort of life in America. But for Chumachenko Yushchenko, the answer is simple. "I married a man who would never leave Ukraine," she said. "If he's abroad more than three days from Ukraine, he misses it. By marrying him, I set my fate."
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